化学品环境归趋模型及应用

Chemical environmental fate models and their applications

环境归趋模型是化学品管控的重要工具.环境中化学品归趋模型的开发和应用逐渐增多,然而有关应用化学品归趋模拟的模型综述报道较少.本文汇总了目前已用于模拟化学品归趋的模型清单,结合模型结构特点,将化学品归趋模型分为四类:以源排放估算为基础的化学品归趋模型、以环境多介质模型为基础的化学品归趋模型、以水文水质模型为基础的化学品归趋模型及化学品综合管理模型.介绍了模型的基本原理和发展历程,概述了各种模型特点和不同环境条件下模型的应用情况,并进一步探讨化学品归趋模型的应用前景和发展趋势.文章以期为目前化学品归趋模拟研究提供更清晰的现状分析,为化学品归趋模型的选择提供参考.

Chemical environmental fate model is an important tool in chemical management and control.Although a wide range of mathematical models are available for modeling the fate of chemicals,there are few reviews on the application of the chemical environmental fate models in studying the fate of different classes of chemicals.This paper summarized applications of different chemical fate models.According to the characteristics of model structure,those reported models were divided into four categories:Chemical fate modeling based on emission estimation,chemical fate modeling based on environmental multimedia models,chemical fate modeling based on hydrology and water quality,as well as the integrated chemical management modeling tools.Herein the basic principle and development of those models were introduced,the characteristics of various chemical fate models and their applications were illustrated under different scenarios,and the application prospects and development trends of various models were discussed.The review was repected to provide a reference for potential users to select appropriate environmental fate models for different chemicals under different scenarios.