伴有咯血的肺血栓栓塞患者临床特征及住院期间预后分析

Clinical features of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism complicated by hemoptysis and the prognosis analysis during hospital stay

目的分析伴有咯血的肺血栓栓塞(PTE)患者临床特征和住院期间预后。方法纳入2010年1月至2015年1月北京医院住院的急性PTE患者220例,采集患者的基线特征、临床表现、实验室检查、影像学表现、治疗情况和住院转归(含病死率和出血发生率);按是否伴有咯血分为咯血组和无咯血组,比较两组患者临床特征和预后的差异。结果 220例患者中,16例(7.3%)伴有咯血,204例(92.7%)不伴咯血。咯血组年龄显著小于无咯血组[(59.7±16.6)岁对(67.2±13.6)岁,P=0.037],男性更多见(75.0%对44.6%,P=0.034)。与无咯血患者相比,咯血组患者发热和胸痛发生率较高(分别为31.3%对11.3%,P=0.037;50.0%对26.0%,P=0.039)。咯血组平均确诊时间为(8.91±6.09) d。咯血组患者放置下腔静脉滤器(IVCF)的比例更高(18.8%对3.4%,P=0.028)。两组患者的危险程度和住院病死率差异无统计学意义。结论 PTE引起的咯血缺乏特异性,常导致误诊或诊断延误,尽早明确诊断,有助于正确的治疗,减少不当措施带来的不良后果。

Objective To analyze the clinical feature and prognosis during hospitalization of pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE) patients with hemoptysis. Methods Between January 2010 and January 2015, a total of 220 patients diagnosed with acute PTE were recruited in our study in Beijing Hospital. Baseline characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, imaging findings, therapy and hospitalization outcomes(including mortality, and incidences of bleeding events) were collected. All the patients were divided into two groups according to whether hemoptysis occurred. A variety of clinical parameters in clinical features and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results Among 220 patients, 16(7.3%) had hemoptysis and 204(92.7%) did not. Hemoptysis group were significantly younger [(59.7±16.6)vs.(67.2±13.6) years, P=0.037] and there were more males(75.0% vs. 44.6%, P=0.034). Compared to patients without hemoptysis, those with hemoptysis had a higher incidence of fever(31.3% vs. 11.3%, P=0.037) and chest pain(50.0% vs. 26.0%;P=0.039). The average diagnosis time of hemoptysis group was(8.91 ± 6.09) days. Patients in the hemoptysis group had a higher proportion of inferior vena cava filter(IVCF)(18.8%vs. 3.4%, P=0.028). There was no significant difference in severity and in-hospital mortality between the two groups. Conclusion The lack of specificity of hemoptysis caused by PTE often leads to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. Early diagnosis is helpful to correct treatment and reduce the adverse consequences of improper measures.