中国大国外交的政治学理论基础

An Introduction to the Political Theory of Chinese Foreign Relations

大国的外交总是具有深厚的国内政治渊源。中国的大国外交理论与中国的政治学理论存在一致性和连贯性,两者在学理上义理相贯、逻辑互通。从中国自身的政治学理论知识出发,可以丰富和拓展对中国大国外交理论的理解。中国大国外交追求“天下为公”的国际秩序,体现了中国政治思想对更好政治秩序的理解;中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度是一种新型政党制度,其避免了党争政治对外交政策的干扰,为大国外交提供了更强的确定性和连续性;中国政治学中的政府观丰富了政府理论的内涵,中国政府内在的公道属性则界定了中国大国外交的利益观、角色观和责任观;中国自身对民主政治的理解和实践赋予了国际关系民主化进程以新的内涵;与流行的对抗式制度体系相比,中国合作协商的制度体系为国际合作的持续开展提供了更为可靠的国内制度支持。中国大国外交的发展道路与政治发展道路在逻辑上是一贯的、相互联系的,中国外交理论和中国政治学理论具有相互启发的效果和意义,两者的更多交流与融合有助于推动中国特色政治学知识体系的构建。

This essay attempts to provide a basic political theoretical framework for deeply understanding Chinese foreign relations. It assumes that the key concepts and philosophy which originate from Chinese political model could strongly explain the be? havior and practice of Chinese foreign relations. It respectively explores the impacts of Chinese political philosophy on its diplomacy, the unique understanding of party politics, government, democracy, and domestic institutional arrangements in Chinese political theory and their diplomatic implications. The major findings in this essay enable us a critical way to rethink and reflect the existing widespread western political theory in the areas of government and political system, and therefore illustrate the meanings of understanding Chinese foreign relations largely based on Chinese political theory.