高铁对星级饭店绿色生产率的影响

The Impact of High-speed Rail on Green Productivity of Star-rated Hotels

中国高铁迅速发展的同时,沿线地区纷纷加快建设星级饭店尤其是高星级饭店。中国星级饭店效率总体较低,亟需实现以绿色发展为导向的高质量发展。高铁是否能够促进其绿色生产率的提升?本文采用2003-2016年中国31个省份数据,使用考虑碳排放的SBM-Undesirable模型测算了星级饭店的绿色生产率,发现测算结果低于不考虑碳排放的生产率,说明忽略环境因素并不能反映星级饭店的真实绩效。在此基础上,使用面板Tobit模型检验高铁对星级饭店绿色生产率的影响,发现高铁对星级饭店绿色生产综合效率和纯技术效率存在积极影响,但对绿色生产规模效率存在消极影响,说明在高铁时代下星级饭店应注重提质增效,而非盲目扩张。进一步地分星级与分位数回归的结果显示,高铁对不同星级与处于不同效率水平地区的饭店的影响存在异质性,面对高铁带来的机遇,不同星级与不同地区星级饭店的发展对策应有所差异。研究高铁对星级饭店绿色生产率的影响及其异质性,不仅符合星级饭店的未来发展趋势,而且能够为高铁沿线地区更加精确有效地发展星级饭店提供参考。

Star-rated hotels are business cards of service industry in a country or region,and they are important carriers of modern tourism.However,the efficiency of star-rated hotels in China is generally low,and there is an urgent need to change from extensive to intensive.With the deterioration of China s environment and the gradual entry of supply-side structural reform into the Deepwater area,star-rated hotels need to focus on the new development concept of “green” to achieve high-quality development as soon as possible,which also makes the green productivity of star-rated hotels increasingly important.Traffic has always been an important factor affecting the production efficiency of star hotels.As the representative of modern transportation,high-speed rail has brought a large number of passengers,investment and labor resources to star-rated hotels.In order to seize the opportunities brought by high-speed rail,the regions along the line have accelerated the construction of star-rated hotels,especially high-star hotels.However,due to the neglect of the “corridor effect” of high-speed railway and the wrong judgment on the new changes brought by high-speed railway,the region along the line may lead to the mismatch between supply and demand of star hotels,intensify the vicious competition of star hotel industry along the line,and bring negative impact on green productivity.Therefore,exploring the impact of high-speed rail on the green productivity of star hotels and its heterogeneity has important theoretical and practical significance for the regions along the line to improve the quality and efficiency of star hotels by accurately grasping the opportunities brought by high-speed rail. Based on the data of 31 provinces in China from 2003 to 2016,this paper uses the SBM-Undesirable model considering carbon emissions to calculate the operation efficiency of inter-provincial star hotels,and finds that the calculation results are higher than those without considering carbon emissions,indicating that ignoring environmental factors can not reflect the real performance of star hotels.The test results of panel Tobit model show that the high-speed railway has a positive impact on the comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency of star hotels,but a negative impact on scale efficiency,indicating that star hotels should pay more attention to improving quality and efficiency,rather than blindly expanding in the era of high-speed railway.Among the research results of star-rating,the promotion of high-speed railway on the comprehensive efficiency of five-star hotels has not yet appeared,and there is a negative impact on its scale efficiency.This shows that the high-speed railway passengers are mainly middle-income groups,less will choose five-star hotels.Moreover,with the advent of the era of high-speed railway,high-end hotels have been constructed along the railway,which promotes vicious competition among enterprises and reduces the scale efficiency.High-speed railway has a significant negative impact on the scale and efficiency of three-star hotels.It shows that the construction of high-speed railway has also caused the decline of scale reward,so three-star hotels should actively improve their investment quality.The role of high-speed railway in promoting the pure technical efficiency of two-star hotels has not yet appeared.The main reason is that the application of advanced technology in two-star hotels is limited.Two-star hotels should grasp the positive changes brought by high-speed railway to regional innovation environment and properly enhance their application of advanced technology.Quantile regression results show that high-speed railway plays a greater role in promoting star-rated hotels to be in the middle efficiency level,while it has a smaller role in promoting low efficiency level and high efficiency level. The main innovations of this paper are as follows:firstly,the environmental factors are included in the production and operation framework of star hotels,and the green productivity of star hotels is estimated;secondly,the heterogeneity of the impact of high-speed rail on the green productivity of star hotels is analyzed.This is not only in line with the future development trend of star hotels,but also conducive to the development of star hotels more accurately and effectively along the high-speed railway,and help star hotels develop with high quality.