人工智能时代:谁为智能机器人的犯罪行为买单?

The Age of Artificial Intelligence:Who Pays for the Criminal Behavior of Intelligent Robots?

人工智能时代的来临,既给人类社会增添了福利,但同时也带来了忧虑。反映到刑法上,即智能机器人实施犯罪行为将如何处理。智能机器人由于拥有学习能力并且具有辨认、控制等能力,应当承认其刑事责任主体的地位。当未超出设计、编制程序范围实施法益侵害行为时,其并不是基于自身的独立意志,而是被当作一种“智能工具”,应当追究其背后设计者或使用者。当超出设计、编制程序范围实施法益侵害行为时,具备独立意志,在拥有刑事责任能力的前提下,应由智能机器人为自己的行为买单。

The advent of the era of artificial intelligence has given benefits to human society,but it has also brought anxiety.Reflecting in the criminal law,how to deal with criminal behaviors of intelligent robots.Intelligent robots should be recognized the status of their criminal liability subject because they have the ability to learn,recognize and control.When it does not exceed the scope of design and programming,it does not have its own independent will,it is regarded as a kind of “smart tool”,and should be pursued by the designer or user behind it.When the infringement of legal interests is exceeded beyond the scope of design and programming,due to its ability to identify and control,it has criminally responsibility at this time,and intelligent robots should independently pay for their own behavior.