汉斯·约纳斯责任伦理的忧惧启迪法探析

The Study on the Heuristics of Fear of Hans Jonas’ Responsibility Ethics

科学技术的更新迭代给人们的生活带来了翻天覆地的变化,同时人类追求长远利益的应然性和追求眼前利益的实然性发生了冲突,为了更好地实现对未来人类和自然界的责任,约纳斯提出“忧惧启迪法”。它包含两个方面的含义:第一,这种忧惧是人类主动的忧惧,从而孕育出忧患意识。第二,该忧惧实为一种“敬畏感”。忧惧启迪法的提出有助于解决现存的生态问题,但是其寄希望于人的道德来解决问题的做法过于乐观,因此,忧惧启迪法应引入功利主义为其理论作论证。

The rapid development of science and technology has brought great changes to people’s life,but it also brings a series of technological ethics problems.There is a conflict between the necessity of pursuing long-term interests and the reality of pursuing immediate interests.Traditional ethics had been unable to solve the ethical problems in the electronic era,and Hans Jonas put forward the ethics of responsibility.In order to better realize the responsibility for the future of mankind and nature,Jonas proposed the “heuristics of fear”.Jonas’ fear concept includes two aspects of contents: first,the fear is initiative,breeding suffering consciousness;second,the fear is a kind of “awe”.The heuristics of fear helps to solve the existing ecological problems,but hoping that people are willing to regularize their behavior because of the fear of the badness,or hoping that problems can be solved by morality,is too optimistic.Therefore,the heuristics of fear should introduce utilitarianism as the theory argument.