贵阳黔灵山公园夏季不同植被类型城市森林空气颗粒物变化特征

Variation Characteristics of Air Particles in Urban Forest of Different Vegetation Types in Summer of Guiyang Qianlingshan Park

本文研究不同植被类型城市森林内空气颗粒物质量浓度的变化特征,为人们合理安排入园游憩锻炼时间提供理论依据。于2017年夏季晴朗天气对贵阳黔灵山公园常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林和马尾松林3种典型植被类型城市森林内的空气颗粒物(TSP、PM10、PM2.5、PM1)进行日间10h连续监测,分析3种森林内颗粒物质量浓度的变化规律。结果表明:(1)3种植被类型森林内各粒径颗粒物日均质量浓度均极显著低于空地对照,公园森林环境对空气颗粒物具有明显的消减作用;(2)不同植被类型森林内各粒径颗粒物质量浓度存在差异,均表现为落叶阔叶林>马尾松>常绿阔叶林;(3)3种类型森林的TSP、PM10、PM2.5质量浓度日均值达到一类环境功能区质量要求(120μg/m^3、50μg/m^3、35μg/m^3);(4)3种林地内4种粒径颗粒物质量浓度日变化总体表现为上午高、下午低的特征,高峰值出现在09:00~10:00和18:00,低谷值出现在14:00~16:00。综上所述,黔灵山公园森林环境是一个相对健康的休闲游憩环境,夏季人们最佳游憩时间段为11:00~15:00。

In this paper,the variation characteristics of air particulate matter mass concentration in urban forests with different vegetation types were studied to provide a theoretical basis for people to arrange reasonable time for recreational exercise in gardens.The air particulate matter (TSP,PM10,PM2.5,PM1) in urban forests of three typical vegetation types,namely evergreen broad-leaved forest,deciduous broad-leaved forest and Masson Pine forest,was continuously monitored for 10 hours in clear summer of 2017,and the variation regularity of particulate matter mass concentration in the three types of vegetation forests was analyzed.The results showed that:(1) The average daily mass concentration of particulate matter in three types of vegetation forests was significantly lower than that in open space,and the forest environment of the park had a significant effect on the reduction of air particulate matter;(2) There were differences in the mass concentration of particulate matter in different types of vegetation forests,which were shown as deciduous broad-leaved forest > Masson Pine > evergreen broad-leaved forest;(3) The daily average concentrations of TSP,PM10 and PM2.5 of three types of forests reached the quality requirements of primary environmental functional area (120 UG m - 3,50 UG m - 3,35 UG m - 3).(4) The diurnal variation of mass concentration of four particle sizes in three forest lands was characterized by high in the morning and low in the afternoon,with the peak values at 09:00-10:00 and 18:00,and the valley values at 14:00-16:00.In conclusion,the forest environment of Qianlingshan Park was relatively healthy,and the best recreational time for people in summer is 11:00-15:00.