广西斑茅表型性状遗传多样性分析

Phenotypic Traits and Genetic Diversity of Erianthus arundinaceum Germplasm from Guangxi

为有效评价和利用广西斑茅种质资源,扩增甘蔗遗传基础。对183份广西斑茅种质资源主要表型性状及遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明:广西斑茅种质资源表型遗传多样性比较低,13个描述型性状的遗传多样性指数在0.0000~1.2349之间,平均为0.3070,以毛群较高,生长带形状较低,空心、气根、根点排列和脱叶性4个性状无多态性表现;不同地区的斑茅资源遗传多样性指数在0.2851~0.5072之间,且以钦州的多样性最大,其次是桂林和崇左,以来宾的多样性最小。5个数值型性状的变异系数在13.54%~29.11%之间,平均为19.59%,以叶宽比较大,叶长较小;10个地区的斑茅资源变异系数在16.48%~21.92%之间,以桂林最大,百色最小。通过聚类分析,183份资源可以分为10个类群,各类群遗传分化不明显,与地理来源无密切联系。本研究揭示了广西不同地区斑茅的表型特异性和遗传多样性,为斑茅资源的采集、保育和杂交利用提供理论参考。

This study was conducted to effectively evaluate and utilize the germplasm resources of Erianthus arundinaceum in Guangxi,to expand the genetic basis of sugarcane. The phenotypic traits and genetic diversity of 183 accessions of E. arundinaceum collected from Guangxi were analyzed. Results showed that the genetic diversity of phenotypic traits was low. The genetic diversity index (DI) ranged of 13 descriptive traits from 0.0000 to 1.2349 with an average of 0.3070,with highest for hair groups and lowest for growth ring shape. There was no polymorphicin 4 traits including pipe,aerial root,root primordial and sheath detached. The DI among different regions ranged from 0.2851 to 0.5072,with highest for Qinzhou,followed by Guilin and Chongzuo,and the lowest for Laibin. The coefficient of variation (CV) of 5 numerical traits ranged from 13.54% to 29.11% with an average of 19.59%,with highest for leaf width and lowest for leaf length. The regional CV of 10 regions ranged from 16.48% to 21.92%,with highest for Guilin and the lowest for Baise. Cluster analysis showed that 183 germplasm resources could be clustered into 10 groups. The genetic differentiation among groups was not obvious and had no close relationship with geographical origin and the genetic distance was not closely related to geographical origin. This study revealed the phenotypic specificity and genetic diversity of E. arundinacea in different regions of Guangxi,and provided theoretical reference for collection, conservation and hybridization of E. arundinacea resources.