铁路弃渣场生态恢复试验研究

Experimental Study on Ecological Restoration of Railway Spoil Ground

以西藏南部某铁路弃渣场为例,通过布设草垫、施加保水剂和化肥等,并选择垂穗披碱草、草木犀、沙棘和胡枝子,按照不同方式、不同植被组合进行生态恢复试验。试验结果表明:草垫有利于表层土壤的保水,对种子萌发及植被初期生长起到积极作用,再施加化肥,植被的恢复状况良好;从植被搭配上,初期种植草木犀或草木犀加抗旱灌木有利于生态恢复。草灌植被搭配是该地区生态环境恢复的最优方案。

Taking a railway waste dump in southern Tibet as an example, ecological restoration experiments were carried out by laying straw mats, applying water-retaining agent and chemical fertilizer, and selecting Elymus nutans, Melilotus officinalis, Hippophae rhamnoides and Lespedeza bicolor in different ways and vegetation combinations. The test results show that straw mat is beneficial to water conservation of surface soil, and plays a positive role in seed germination and initial growth of vegetation. After applying chemical fertilizer, vegetation restoration is in good condition. From the aspect of vegetation collocation, planting Melilotus officinalis or Melilotus officinalis plus drought-resistant shrubs at the initial stage is beneficial to ecological restoration, and then it is proposed that grass-shrub vegetation collocation are the optimal schemes for ecological environment restoration in the region.