企业作为职业教育主体作用的发挥——基于《国家职业教育改革实施方案》的解读

The Exertion of Enterprise’s Role as the Subject of Vocational Education——Based on Reflections of the National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan

职业教育的跨界性特征决定了企业必须是职业教育的主体之一,《国家职业教育改革实施方案》进一步明确强化了企业作为职业教育主体的地位。企业作为职业教育主体是由多方面的原因所决定的:技术技能人才的职业能力发展离不开企业;工作场所学习理论给予企业主体地位确证;国际职业教育发展经验凸显企业主体力量。基于《国家职业教育改革实施方案》的解读,企业作为职业教育主体的作用可以表现为需求主体、培养主体、投资主体、消费主体和评价主体。这种主体作用的发挥需要企业明确自身主体责任意识、需要激发企业的内在动力、需要规定并实施好企业的具体行动任务、需要厚植企业承担职业教育责任的文化环境。

The cross-border characteristics of vocational education determine that enterprises must be one of the main subjects of vocational education. The National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan further clarifies the status of enterprises as the main body of vocational education. the main body status is determined by many reasons: the development of vocational competence of skill talents is inseparable from enterprises, the theory of workplace learning gives the confirmation of the status of enterprises, and the development experience of international vocational education highlights the main strength of enterprises. Based on the interpretation of the National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan, the role of enterprises as the main body of vocational education can be expressed as: demand subject, training subject, investment subject, consuming subject and evaluating subject. The exertion of this subject role requires enterprises to clarify their own sense of responsibility,stimulate their internal power, clarify their own action tasks, and create a good external cultural environment.