孟子修养论视域下的穷达观研究

The Research on the Perspective of Poverty and Prosperity in Mencius Cultivation Theory

穷达的辩证法存在于人安身立命的过程中,与生死、力命、贫富、荣辱四个基本问题共同构成了“处己论”领域中每个人都不可逃避的五个基本命题。人,生而有穷达,穷达知力命,力命分贫富,贫富现荣辱,最终归结于个体的消亡。人们在一个由生到死却又向死而生的圆周中,探寻并发掘自身的“知觉灵明之心”,即人之所以存在的意义与价值。“穷”对应着“达”而不是“富”,恰恰反映出人的价值性,由此可以看出,这个问题绝不局限于纯粹的物质层面,而在于人的“自我增值”、自我修养和自我完善。

The dialectics of poverty and prosperity exists in the process of living in peace.Together with the four basic problems of life and death,strive and destiny,poverty and wealth,honor and disgrace,it constitutes five basic propositions that can not be avoided in the field of “dealing with oneself”.People distinguish poverty from prosperity at birth,poverty and prosperity distinguish strive from destiny,strive and destiny decide poverty and wealth,poverty and wealth reflect honor and disgrace,and ultimately attributed to the demise of the individual.In a circle from birth to death,people explore their own perceptual spiritual mind,that is the meaning and the value of human existence.“Poverty” corresponds to “prosperity” rather than “wealth”,which precisely reflects the value of human beings.It can also be seen that this problem is not limited to the pure material level,but lies in people’s self-appreciation,self-cultivation and self-improvement.