农村人居环境质量及其影响因素研究

Rural Residential Environment Quality and Its Influencing Factors

本文从居住环境、公共安全和生态环境三个维度构建农村人居环境质量指标体系,基于农业农村部全国农村固定观察点2018年村庄基线调查数据对中国农村人居环境质量的发展情况进行评价,并探究影响农村人居环境质量的影响因素。研究结论表明:第一,作为乡村振兴的突出短板,农村人居环境总得分处于较低水平,存在着区域的不平衡;第二,农村人居环境质量各维度中,居住环境和公共安全的得分较低,生态环境得分处于较高的水平;第三,村庄经济特征、村集体经济发展水平和村庄环境治理是影响农村人居环境质量的重要因素。未来提升农村人居环境质量亟需在稳步改善生态环境的基础上,提升村庄经济发展水平,发挥规划的战略导向作用,以村集体经济组织为抓手,重点解决基础设施和公共安全的服务“短板”问题,加强村庄用水、通讯、交通和用电基础设施建设,提高村庄公共服务和公共安全水平。

This paper constructs the rural residential environment quality index system from three dimensions:living environment, public safety and ecological environment.Based on the village baseline survey data of fixed observation point of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 2018,the development of rural residential environment quality has been assessed,and the influencing factors are explored based on the econometric method.The research conclusion shows that:first,as a prominent shortboard of rural revitalization,the total score of rural residential environment quality is at a low level and exists regional imbalance;secondly,the score of living environment and public safety is lower,and the score of ecological environment is at a high level in all dimensions;thirdly,village economic characteristics,village collective economic development level and village environmental governance are important factors affecting the rural residential environment quality.To improve the rural residential environment quality in the future,it is urgent to develop the economic level of villages on the basis of steadily promoting the improvement of ecological environment,taking village collective economic organizations as the starting point,focus on solving the shortboard problem of infrastructure and public security services,strengthening the construction of water,communication,transportation and electricity infrastructure in villages,and improving public services and public safety in villages.