融合、嬗变与实现:跨界海洋空间规划方法论

Integration, Evolution and Realization: Methodology for Transboundary Marine Spatial Planning

海洋环境的特殊性使得在共享海域应用海洋空间规划跨界思维尤其重要,经过文献梳理,将海洋空间规划的演变划分为三个阶段:海洋保护区和海洋空间多方面利用阶段、基于生态系统的综合管理阶段、倡导跨界合作阶段。近年来,基于生态系统的海洋空间规划已经开始注重跨界合作,在我国的海洋空间规划中运用跨界思维是海洋环境的属性、对海洋空间科学进行开发保护、建设21世纪海上丝绸之路的内在要求,但由于立法缺失、跨界数据难以获取和有效管理、治理体系差异等问题的存在,跨界海洋空间规划难以推进。跨界海洋空间规划的实现机制,即以政策趋同、建立跨界协调机构、优化数据管理为核心可以推进实施跨界海洋空间规划,为我国在各个层次展开跨界海洋空间规划提供参考。

The particularity of marine environment makes it particularly important to apply transboundary thinking to marine spatial planning in shared sea areas. Based on literature review, the evolution of marine spatial planning can be divided into three stages: multi-use stage of marine protected areas and marine space, ecosystem-based integrated management stage, and the stage of cross-border cooperation. In recent years, ecosystem-based marine spatial planning has begun to focus on cross-border cooperation. The application of cross-border thinking in China's marine spatial planning is an inherent requirement of the marine environment, the development and protection of marine spatial science, and the construction of the 21st century Maritime Silk Road. However, due to the lack of legislation, poor access to cross-border data and effective management, and differences in governance systems, it is difficult to promote cross-border marine spatial planning. The realization mechanism of transboundary marine spatial planning, namely policy convergence, establishment of transboundary coordination agencies and optimization of data management, can promote the implementation of transboundary marine spatial planning, and provide reference for China to carry out transboundary marine spatial planning at all levels.