美国“301调查”对“中国制造2025”知识产权战略的挑战及其应对

Challenges of US Section 301 Investigation to Intellectual Property Strategy of “Made in China 2025” and Its Solutions

1990年代以来,美国以知识产权保护不力和市场准入壁垒为由,先后五次对中国发起“301调查”。2017年8月美国再次对中国发起“301调查”,并于2018年7月开始采取加征关税的单边措施。以存在所谓的强制性技术转让、歧视性技术许可、策略性海外投资并购和不正当获得商业秘密为由,“301报告”对“中国制造2025”知识产权战略进行了全方位诘责。“301报告”对“中国制造2025”知识产权战略的推进实施构成了重大挑战。由于缺乏证据支持,“301调查报告”的指责多为不实之词,但亦不失为“中国制造2025”知识产权战略完善的一次契机。我国一方面应当通过诉诸WTO争端解决机制、采取反制措施以及探索在美国提起司法诉讼等对方式对美方进行必要的回击,另一方面也应当借机完善我国知识产权法律制度、建立政策合规审查机制、健全国际贸易救济机制和调整对外贸易战略,以有效应对当下以及未来可能产生的中美贸易摩擦。

Since the 1990s, US has launched five Section 301 investigations against China on the grounds of weak intellectual property protection and market access barriers. In August 2017, US launched another Section 301 investigation against China, and in July 2018 began to take unilateral measures to increase tariffs. On the grounds of the so-called unfair technology transfer, discriminatory technology licensing, strategic overseas investment mergers and acquisitions, and improper acquisition of trade secrets, Section 301 investigation report criticizes the "Made in China 2025" intellectual property strategy in an all-round way. The Section 301 investigation report poses a major challenge to the implementation of the "Made in China 2025" intellectual property strategy. Owing to the lack of evidence, the blame of Section 301 investigation report is mostly false, but it is also an opportunity for the perfection of "Made in China 2025" intellectual property strategy. In order to effectively deal with the trade frictions between China and the United States that may arise at present and in the future, on the one hand, China should fight back against the United States by resorting to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, taking countermeasures and exploring judicial proceedings in the United States;on the other hand, China should also take the opportunity to improve its intellectual property legal system, establish a review mechanism for policy compliance, improve international trade relief mechanisms and adjust foreign trade strategies.