传统与现代的交叠——分层话语体系下的中国社会形态及其变迁(1978-2018)

Coexistence and Overlap of Traditionalism and Modernity: Analyzing Chinese Society’s Social Formation and Its Transition (1978-2018)

如果说马克思主义的社会“五形态说”属于哲学层面上抽象而宏大叙事的话,社会学通过“社会分层体系”的知识建构则能够对某一特定时期、某一特定国家的社会形态(抑或社会结构)进行更好的具象化描述。建国70年以来,我国由阶级阶层结构所表征的社会结构经历了“简单层化”到“反层化”再到“多元复杂层化”的变动。改革开放40年后,一个“橄榄雏型”的社会结构形态正在形成,它将逐步取代以往的“倒丁字型”结构。在阶级壁垒、地位获得方式、合法化手段、不平等类型以及不平等程度这五个核心分层维度上,中国的社会形态明显存在着新与旧、传统与现代的共存及交叠。

This study takes advantage of the discourse of social stratification system to discuss Chinese social formation and its transition (1978-2018).On the basis of clarifying the fundamental concepts,we search,review,and analyze the articles published on “ishehuixue yanjiu” and “shehui” from 1986 to 2018.We find that:(1) Over the 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China,the social formation that is represented by the class/status structure has undergone the changes from Msimple class stratification” to “de-stratification” and then to Umulti-dimensional complex stratification”.After 40 years of reform and opening up,(2) a fledging “olive-shape” social formation is emerging,which will gradually replace the previous “inverted-t type” structure.(3) With regard to the five stratification dimensions of class closure,status attainment mechanisms,legitimacy strategies,types of inequality,and extents of inequality,there are coexistence and overlap of new and old,traditional and modern social characteristics.