人的问题在马克思思想中的位置——东欧新马克思主义与阿尔都塞之间的争论

The Position of Human Problem in Marx’s Theory: The Debate Between East European Neo-Marxism and Althusser

20世纪新马克思主义是在重新阐释马克思的过程中发展起来的,其中对于人的问题在马克思思想中的位置的不同观点区分了人本主义流派和科学主义流派。对于人的问题在马克思思想中的位置,代表人本主义流派的东欧新马克思主义和代表科学主义流派的阿尔都塞有过理论争论。阿尔都塞批判东欧新马克思主义重复马克思早期著作中抽象的人的理论是对资产阶级的人道主义思想的恢复,人的问题后期被马克思所抛弃了,用人的问题解释马克思的思想与辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义相矛盾。东欧新马克思主义对阿尔都塞的批判作出了理论回应,论证了马克思的人道主义与资产阶级的人道主义的异质性,说明人的问题是马克思思想的核心问题,指出马克思晚期并不是用物的问题去否定人的问题而是用商晶的关系去说明人的关系。这场争论对于理解20世纪马克思主义多元化的理论格局具有重要价值。

20th century neo-marxism developed in the process of reinterpreting Marx,in which we distinguished the school of humanism and the school of scientism according to the position of human problem in Marx's theory.There have been theoretical disputes between East European neo-marxism and althusser.Althusser criticized East European Marxism was a restoration of the bourgeois humanitarian thought who repeated the theory of abstract human theory in Marx's early works,the human problem haven been abandoned by Marx in his later stage,and explaining Marx's theory with human problem was incompatible with dialectical materialism and historical materialism.East European neo-marxism responded to althusser,distinguished humanitarianism between marx and bourgeois,showed that the human problem was the core of marx's theory,and pointed out that late marx did not use the problem of material to negate the human problem,but use the relationship of commodity to illustrate the human relationship.This debate was of great value in understanding the theoretical pattern of Marxism's diversification in 20th century.