蒋介石与威尔基访华——以《蒋介石日记》为视角的考察

Chiang Kai-shek and Wendell L.Willkie’s Visit to China——“Chiang Kai-shek Diary” as the Center

1942年,美国总统罗斯福派1940年共和党总统候选人威尔基作为总统特使访华,对中美关系、美国对华战略产生了很大的影响。威尔基访华的目的是为进一步解疑释惑,提高中国的抗战效力,推动中美友好合作,增强美国在战后远东事务中的领导力量和对英、苏的优势地位。蒋介石也希望通过威尔基访华,就中美结盟、中苏关系、中英关系、归还东北、印度独立、废除不平等条约等问题与美方达成共识,推动中美关系的发展。蒋介石、威尔基于10月4,5,7日举行正式会谈。威尔基访华实现了访问的目标,促进了中美关系的发展,蒋介石对罗斯福和美国政府增加了信任。此后,美国一直致力于提高中国的大国地位。蒋介石认为威尔基访华“影响极佳”。透过此次访问,蒋的要求美国战时继续援华、战后中美合作、美国废除对华不平等条约、东北回归中国等一得到了美国的满足。威尔基访华也带来一些负面的影响。访问期间他就吹捧蒋介石为“伟人”,加上此后宋美龄访美宣传蒋介石,结果蒋被当成中国的化身,蒋的领导地位等同于中国的前途。这是抗战后期美国形成扶蒋反共政策的远因之一。

In 1942,US President Roosevelts 1940 Republican presidential candidate Wendell L.Willkies visit to China as the special envoy of the president exerted a great influence on the Sino-U.S.Relations and the U.S.strategy toward China.The purpose of Willkiezs visit to China is to further unleash the misunderstanding,enhance the effectiveness of the War of Resistance,raise Chinas position as a big power,promote friendly cooperation between China and the United States,enhance U.S.leadership in the post war Far East affairs and its superiority to Britain and the Soviet Union.Chiang Kai-shek also hoped to reach a consensus on issues such as the alliance between China and the United States,the Sino-Soviet relations,the Sino-British relations,the return of the Northeast to China,the independence of India and the abrogation of unequal treaties through Willkie's visit to China to promote the development of Sino-U.S.Relations.Chiang Kai-shek and Willkie held formal talks on October 4,5 and 7.Willkie's visit to China has achieved the goal of the United States.Chiang Kai-shek boosted trust between Roosevelt and the U.S,government and promoted the development of Sino-U.S.Relations.Since then,the United States has been committed to raising Chinas position as a big power.Chiang Kai-shek believes that Willkie's visit to China is "extremely influential." Through this visit,Chiang 's request--the United States continued to assist China in wartime,post-war Sino-U.S.cooperation,the United States abolished the unequal treaties against China,and the Northeast turned to China--was met by the United States.Willkie's visit to China also brought some negative effects.During his visit,he touted Chiang Kai-shek as "the great man," and after that Soong Mei Ling's visit to the United States to publicize Chiang Kai-shek,Chiang was taken as an incarnation of China.Chiang's leadership was equivalent to that of China.This is one of the distant reasons why the United States formed the anti-Communist policy of supporting Chiang Kai-shek in the late period of the Anti-Japanese War.