低轨卫星轨迹预测和可视化研究

Prediction and Visualization Research of LEO Satellites

理想情况下,基于开普勒定律的6个轨道参数可以用来描述卫星轨迹,但是卫星在实际运行过程中会受到各种摄动力和地球扁平的影响。针对低轨卫星的预测,基于TLE格式的SGP4模型考虑了地球非球形引起的引力摄动和大气阻力的影响,对周期小于255min的低轨卫星轨迹的预测更为精确。文章以天宫二号为例,采用SGP4模型对其轨迹进行预测,计算出卫星轨迹点并在二三维地图上绘制出卫星轨迹,实现卫星可视化。借助于当前流行的虚拟现实技术,用户佩戴VR眼镜可以沉浸于三维场景中去观察卫星轨迹,表现方式更加形象、直观。

Ideally, six orbital parameters based on Kepler's law can be used to describe satellite trajectories. But, satellite will be affected by various perturbation forces and a flat earth during its actual operation. For LEO satellite prediction, the SGP4 model based on TLE's format considers the effects of gravitational perturbation and atmospheric drag caused by non-spherical Earth. It is more accurate for Prediction of LEO satellites with a period less than 255 minutes. Taking Tiangong-2 as an example, this paper uses SGP4 model to predict the trajectory of Tiangong-2. Calculating the satellite points and drawing the satellite trajectory on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional maps to realize satellite visualization. With the help of the current popular virtual reality technology, users wearing VR glasses can observe satell让e trajectories in three-dimensional scenes. The way of expression is more vivid and intuitive.