英国城市设计运作的半正式机构介入：基于CABE的设计治理实证研究

The Intervention of Semi-formal Institution in Britain’s Urban Design Process: An Empirical Study of Design Governance Based on CABE

设计治理作为新兴的城市设计运作理念,近年在英国提出并应用于指导大量城市设计实践的开展。理念主张以政府为核心,建立专家、投资者、市民等多元主体共同构成的行动与决策体系,通过正式与非正式的治理工具来优化城市设计运作过程。本文以英国非政府公共组织"建筑与建成环境委员会"(CABE)为实证对象,回溯了过去近20年中CABE基于政府首肯对城市设计领域的介入行动及其设计治理贡献,通过剖析CABE的组织架构、工作内容、设计治理工具库和具体业务案例等,揭示CABE对英国城市设计运作产生的影响及其相关经验,以期为政府管理人员和相关研究者提供城市设计运作镜鉴,为我国未来城市设计的正式与非正式制度变革提供思路参照。

As a merging concept of urban design, design governance has been proposed in Britain and used to guide the development of many urban design practices in recent years. Taking governments as the core,the idea encourages establishing a multi-role decision-making and action system involving experts, investors, citizen and other parts, so as to optimize the process of urban design implementation through formal and informal governance tools. This paper takes CABE, a British non-departmental public body, as an empirical example, to review its involvement and contribution in the field of urban design with government’s support over the past 20 years. Through analyzing the organization structure, work duties, design governance toolbox, and sample practical cases of CABE, it reveals the influence and experience of CABE on urban design operation in Britain in order to provide a reference for government and relevant researchers, and considerations for China’s formal and informal urban design institutional reform in the future.