一战期间美国劳资关系的联邦管制政策及影响——以国家战时劳工委员会为例

Analysis of American Federal Regulation Policies of Labor Relations during the First World War:Taking National War Labor Board as an Example

一战期间,为了应对劳资关系问题,美国威尔逊政府成立了国家战时劳工委员会。该委员会成员有劳资双方代表和第三方代表,目的是保证战时战争支柱企业的生产,避免劳工罢工或企业停工,维持劳资和谐。该委员会认可劳工组织工会的权利、劳工的基本生活工资和同工同酬原则等。这些政策的实施既遏制了劳工的罢工率,保障了企业的生产,又促进了工会会员的增长,提升了女工和有色人种劳工的地位。该委员会的政策及实践丰富和发展了美国国家治理体系的内容,成为美国管制劳资关系不可或缺的经验。

In order to deal with the labor relations during World War Ⅰ,the Wilson Administration established the National War Labor Board.The board's members are the represents of the employers and employees and the third representative.Its purpose is to ensure the production of war companies,avoid labor strikes or business lockout and maintain harmonious labor relations.The board recognizes the rights of labor to organize union,the living wage of labor and the principle of equal pay for work of equal value and so on.The implementation of these policies has not only curbed the strike rate,guaranteed the production of factories,but also promoted the growth of union members,and advanced the status of female labor and colored labor.The board's policies and its practices have enriched and developed the contents of national governance system of the United States,which become the indispensable experience in the American regulation of labor relations.