抗日救亡与历史教学的因应——1935年《教与学》月刊专题大讨论始末

The Response of History Education to Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement:Special Discussion Organized by Jiaoyuxue in 1935

1935年抗日救亡运动中,知识界改进历史教学的呼声不断高涨,如何以历史课程唤起民族意识、振奋民族精神,是讨论的重点。南京正中书局《教与学》杂志推出的“历史教学专号”集中刊登了傅斯年、吕思勉、顾颉刚等20位名家的讨论文章,被时人认为是这轮讨论中“最显著”的篇章。本文通过一手史料梳理这次讨论的来龙去脉,认为其发起背景既有顺应历史教学改革呼声的需要,也有官方意志的因素;而以民族主义为尺度反思过往历史教育的失败,讨论改善之方法是讨论的主要内容。专号推出后,其他刊物纷纷效仿,国民党政府也有回应,影响十分广泛。

In 1935,anti-Japanese national salvation movement went to the climax.More and more urgent appeal for reforming history education raised.How to arouse Chinese people's national awareness was the hot topic.The most significant activity was a Special Discussion organized by Jiaoyuxue's special edition called Lishi jiaoxue special issue,which invited 20 important scholar or headmaster,including Lv simian and Gu Jiegang.This article reveals the main process and content of the activity,think that ethnic risis and government's exploit was the initial reasons,arousing national awareness depend on improvement of history education was the topical subject.In the short period since this special issue appearance,a series of social influence was found,such as the responding of the Kuomintang government.