大型钛合金筒形件电磁冲模校圆研究

A study on electromagnetic sizing of large titanium alloy cylindrical parts with punching die

钛合金筒形件由钛板滚弯焊接而成,由于钛合金室温成形性能较差、焊接困难且卸载后回弹较大,如何提升其成形精度一直是航空制造领域的难点问题。用电磁校形原理,针对直径为300 mm、高为600 mm、壁厚为2 mm的大型航空钛合金筒形件进行校圆实验研究,设计了一种电磁冲模校圆方法。采用有限元电磁分析软件Ansoft Maxwell对校圆过程进行数值模拟,研究了放电电流和磁场分布,并将采用电磁冲模校圆方法与采用常规电磁校圆方法所得的实验结果进行比较。研究表明,相同放电电压条件下,采用电磁冲模校圆方法较采用常规电磁校圆方法所得的工件圆度平均值降幅增加20%以上,保证工件成形均匀性的同时提高了设备能量利用率,为电磁成形技术在航空工业领域的应用提供了新思路,具有一定的理论意义和实际生产应用价值。

Titanium alloy cylindrical parts are welded by rolling bending of titanium plate. It is difficult to improve the forming accuracy of titanium alloy tube because of its poor formability at room temperature,welding difficulty and obvious load-off springback. Based on the principles of electromagnetic forming,an experimental study on the sizing of large aeronautical titanium alloy cylindrical parts with diameter of 300 mm,height of 600 mm and wall thickness of 2 mm was carried out,and a set of method for the sizing with electromagnetic punching die was designed. Finite element electromagnetic analysis software Ansoft Maxwell was used to simulate the process of the sizing. And the distribution of discharge current and magnetic field was studied. The experimental results obtained by using electromagnetic punching die and conventional electromagnetic sizing method were compared. The research shows that under the same discharge voltage,the average reduction of the roundness of workpiece is increased by 20 % by using electromagnetic punching die compared with conventional electromagnetic sizing method,which ensures the uniformity of workpiece forming and improves the energy utilization ratio of equipment at the same time. It provides a new idea for the application of electromagnetic forming technology in aviation industry,and has certain theoretical significance and practical application value.