2014-2018年泸定县乙类传染病流行特征分析

Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Class B Infectious Diseases in Luding County From 2014 to 2018

目的了解2014-2018年泸定县乙类传染病流行特征,为泸定县乙类传染病防控提供参考依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对2014-2018年泸定县网络报告的乙类传染病数据进行统计分析,率和构成比的比较采用卡方检验。结果2014-2018年泸定县报告乙类传染病共13种852例,死亡11例(均为艾滋病),年均发病率193.72/10万,死亡率2.50/10万,病死率1.29%,年发病率2016年最高(233.18/10万),2017年最低(168.03/10万)。发病率发病前5位依次为肺结核(73.89/10万)、乙肝(41.84/10万)、梅毒(29.79/10万)、菌痢(20.24/10万)和艾滋病(15.46/10万),占总数93.54%,男女比1.30∶1,农民占总数59.27%。结论 2014-2018年泸定县乙类传染病发病较平稳,下降趋势不明显,但肺结核发病率仍较高,以艾滋病为主的性传播疾病呈上升趋势,给人群健康带来威胁。应加强以肺结核、艾滋病为重点疾病,以农民为重点人群的防控,防止双重感染的发生及艾滋病在配偶间传播。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Class B infectious diseases in Luding County From 2014 to 2018,in order to provide refereces for the prevention and control of class B in fectious diseases. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of Class B infectious diseases reported by the Luding County Network from 2014 to 2018.Results From 2014 to 2018,a total of 852 cases of 13 kinds of infectious diseases were reported in Luding County, with 11 deaths(all of them were AIDS). The average annual incidence was 193.72/10~5, the mortality rate was 2.50/10~5, and the fatality rate was 1.29%. The highest annual incidence was 2016(233.18/10~5),and the lowest annual incidence was 2017(168.03/10~5). The top five diseases were tuberculosis(73.89/10~5),hepatitis B(41.84/10~5),syphilis(29.79/10~5),bacillary dysentery(20.24/10~5) and AIDS(15.46/10~5), these were accounted for 93.54% of the total, the ratio between male and female was 1.30∶1,and the proportion of farmers was 59.27%. Conclusion From 2014 to 2018, the incidence of Class B infectious diseases in Luding county was relatively stable, and the decline trend was not obvious.However, the incidence of tuberculosis is still high,and sexually transmitted diseases dominated by AIDS are on the rise, which poses a threat to the health of the population. We should strengthen the prevention and control of these kinds of diseases especialy for tuberculosis and AIDS, as well as farmers, so as to prevent the occurrence of double infection and the spread of AIDS between spouses.