家还是远方：大学生就学流动的影响因素及策略

Home or Afar:Influencing Factors and Strategies of College Students’ Location Choices of Higher Education

教育是获得社会地位和实现社会流动的关键机制。通过对大学生及其家长的访谈,分析了跨省就学流动发生的微观机制,讨论了影响学生高等教育就学地选择的微观和宏观因素。研究发现,性别和家庭背景对就学地的选择有重要作用。在个体性的微观因素之外,我国高等教育资源的分布情况、高等教育招生体制等制度性因素限制了学生的选择空间。在宏观制度的框架下,学生和家长基于高考分数发展出了一套"不吃亏"的选择逻辑,以最大程度上保证高等教育的象征性价值。学生高等教育地域的选择,可能是其主动选择的结果,也可能是对其他因素权衡下的伴随结果。

Education is the key mechanism to achieve social status and social mobility. Based on the interview data of more than 30 undergraduates and their parents, this paper analyzes the micro mechanism of educational migration on provincial level, and discusses the micro and macro factors that influence the students’ location choices of higher education. The study found that gender and family background play important roles in the choices of higher education. In addition to the individual factors, the distribution of higher education resources in China and the structural factors of higher education enrollment system restrict students’ choice space. Under the framework of macro structure, students and parents develop a set of "suffer no loss" logic based on the college entrance examination scores to guarantee the symbolic value of higher education to the greatest extent. Students’ location choices of higher education may be the result of their active consideration, or a compromised result weighed against other factors.