我国研究型大学科研绩效及其影响因素——基于教育部直属高校相关数据的实证分析

The research performance of Chinese research universities and its influencing factors: an empirical analysis based on the relevant data of universities directly under the Ministry of Education

基于投入-产出的生产效率评价逻辑,本研究构建强调科研质量和贡献度的绩效评价指标体系,使用超效率-非径向DEA模型,对教育部直属高校2006—2015年间的科研效率及其影响因素进行分析。研究发现,样本高校科研效率近10年虽有改进,但是进步缓慢,整体效率不高,且规模效率不断衰减。其中,东部地区高校、综合类高校和C9高校的科研效率显著高于其他高校。对科研效率影响因素的分析显示,投入要素质量提升、要素配置结构优化、院校竞争与知识外溢机制的有效发挥等可以显著改进科研效率。为加快“双一流”建设、实现高等教育内涵式发展,我国应从科研绩效评价导向、科研资源配置结构、竞争与协作机制等方面深化改革,促进研究型大学科研效率的持续提高。

Based on the input-output production efficiency evaluation model,a performance evaluation index system and a super-efficient non-radical DEA model are utilized to analyze research efficiency and its influencing factors of universities directly under the Ministry of Education from 2006 to 2015.Results show that their research efficiency has been improved,but the progress is slow,the overall efficiency is low,and the scale efficiency is declining.Research efficiency of universities in the east,comprehensive universities,and C9 universities is significantly higher than other universities.Further analysis shows that improvement of input factors′ quality,optimization of factor allocation structure,university competition and effective display of knowledge spillover mechanism could significantly improve research efficiency.China should deepen the reform in aspects of evaluation orientation of research performance,allocation structure of research resources,competition and cooperation mechanism to continuously improve research efficiency of research universities.