新工业革命背景下工程教育专业认证制度国际改革的比较与借鉴

The comparison and reference of international reform of engineering education professional accreditation system under the background of the new industrial revolution

在新工业革命的浪潮下,提升教育质量已成为全球范围内工程教育改革与发展的主旋律。因此,专业认证作为工程教育质量保障的重要机制和核心手段,其地位和作用日益凸显。文章基于美、英、德、法四国的范例,从国家个体、区域和国家合作两个层面概述其工程教育专业认证制度的基本现状以及发展趋势。文章进一步从四个维度解析其工程教育专业认证制度的运行机制与基本逻辑:认证目标、标准和程序的实质等效(制度维度);非官方、独立性的专业认证机构(组织维度);政府、高校、工业界和中介组织的良性互动(实践维度);专业认证制度和工程师注册制度的有效衔接(技术维度)。在此基础上,文章对我国工程教育专业认证制度建设中面临的问题与挑战进行反思,并探讨未来的治理路径。

Under the tide of the new industrial revolution,the promotion of education quality has become the main theme of the reform and development of engineering education in the world.Therefore,as an important mechanism and the core method for the quality assurance of engineering education,the status and role of professional accreditation is becoming increasingly prominent.Based on examples of the United States,Germany,Britain and France,this paper outlines the basic status and development trend of the professional accreditation system of engineering education from aspects of individual countries,and regional and national cooperation.This paper further analyses the operation mechanism and basic logic of the professional accreditation system from four levels:the substantive equivalence of accreditation objectives,standards and procedures (at the institutional level);the unofficial and independent professional accreditation bodies (at the organizational level);the benign interaction between governments,universities,industries and intermediary organizations (at the practical level);the effective connection between the professional accreditation system and the engineer registration system (at the technical level).On this basis,the research further reflects on problems and challenges in the construction of the engineering education professional accreditation system in our country,and explores the future governance path.