不同施肥模式对黄瓜产量、品质及养分利用的影响

Effects of different fertilization patterns on yield, quality and nutrient utilization of cucumber

针对目前菜地肥料用量大、浅层施用、肥料利用率低等问题,采用盆栽与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了不同施肥模式对黄瓜产量、品质及养分利用的影响。结果表明:氮肥施在5~15 cm且磷、钾和生物菌肥施在15~30 cm土层的T5处理扩大了根系的分布,且黄瓜总根长和表面积最大;其产量分别较不施肥(T1)、推荐配方肥用量施在5~15 cm(T3)和推荐配方肥用量施在15~30 cm(T4)提高50.9%、16.9%和13.7%。与农民习惯施肥(T2)相比,T5处理的黄瓜根系总根长和表面积分别提高18.6%、17.8%,产量增加7.8%,可溶性糖和Vc含量分别显著提高12.8%和16.6%;硝酸盐明显降低38.1%;氮、磷、钾肥的农学效率分别提升63.4、111.8、61.5 kg/kg;氮、磷、钾肥生产效率分别增加160.3、294.1、163.6 kg/kg。因此,氮肥施在5~15 cm且磷、钾和生物菌肥施在15~30 cm土层的T5处理既改善黄瓜根系形态,增加产量,又改善其品质,促进养分利用。

In view of the problems of large amount of fertilizer application, shallow fertilization and low fertilizer utilization rate in vegetable fields, the effects of different fertilization modes on cucumber yield, quality and nutrient utilization were studied under the conditions of pot culture and indoor analysis. The results showed that when N fertilizer was applied at 5-15 cm, and P, K and biobacterial fertilizer applied at soil depth of 15-30 cm, the total root length and surface area of cucumber were the largest. The cucumber production increased by 50.9%, 16.9% and 13.7% compared with the non-fertilization (T1), recommended formula fertilizer application at 5-15 cm (T3) and recommended formula fertilizer application at 15-30 cm (T4), respectively. Compared with the farmers' habitual fertilization (T2), total root length and surface area of cucumber roots in T5 treatment were enhanced by 18.6% and 17.8%, yield raised by 7.8%, soluble sugar and Vc increased by 12.8% and 16.6%, while nitrate reduced by 61.5%. The agronomic efficiencies of N, P and K increased by 63.4, 111.8 and 61.5 kg/kg respectively, and the production efficiency of N, P and K increased by 160.3, 294.1 and 163.6 kg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the T5 treatment of N fertilizer applied in 5-15 cm and P, K and biobacterial fertilizer used in 15-30 cm can not only increase root morphology and yield, but also improve quality and nutrient utilization of cucumber.