下肢刚度模型的测量与应用

Measurement and application of lower extremity stiffness model

下肢刚度是观察运动过程下肢工作情况的重要指标,目前下肢刚度的测量通常以垂直刚度、腿部刚度和关节刚度3种模型来近似表示。3种刚度模型在解释下肢运动行为时是有概念上的差异的,然而部分研究却混淆不清。对3种刚度模型的测量方法与应用进行梳理,对以往文献所建议各测量方法的适用范围进行归纳。结果表明:1)垂直刚度主要测量下肢垂直方向的刚度,而腿部刚度则是以测量肢段刚度为主,特别在非垂直方向的动作测量中不能等同视之;2)垂直刚度或腿部刚度较适用于单一动作的测量,关节刚度则较适用于多关节动作的测量;3)在统一下肢刚度定义与计算模式基础上,下肢刚度与运动表现、运动伤害以及生理衰老之间的关系期待得到进一步解释。

The lower extremity stiffness is an important index to observe the movement process of lower limb work.At present,the measurement of the lower extremity stiffness is usually represented by 3 models:vertical stiffness,leg stiffness and joint stiffness.There are conceptual differences between the 3 stiffness models in interpreting the movement of the lower extremities,but some of the studies are confused.In view of this,the measurement methods and applications of the 3 stiffness models are sorted out,and the scope of the application of the measurement methods proposed in the previous literature is summarized.Results show that:1) The vertical stiffness mainly measures the stiffness of the lower limb in the vertical direction,while the leg stiffness is mainly based on the limb stiffness measurement,especially in the non-vertical motion measurement;2) Vertical stiffness or leg stiffness is more suitable for single motion measurement,joint stiffness is more suitable for multi-joint motion measurement;3) Based on unified lower limb stiffness definition and calculation model,the relationship between lower limb stiffness and athletic performance,sports injury andphysiological aging is expected Further explanation.