已然/未然范畴与“果真”的分化

Realis, Irrealis and Differentiation of GUOZHEN

虚词词典要增强科学性与实用性,除了列举词义与举例说明外,更应指出制约义项与功能出现的语言条件。研究表明,"果真"源于"果然真的",其义项与功能同已然/未然范畴关系密切,各义项实际上是同一义位的不同变体:在已然语境中,"果真"相当于"果然";未然语境中,"果真"相当于"真的"。"果真"的分化为汉语存在已然/未然的对立提供了又一例证。

In order to be scientific and useful, the functional dictionary should point out the linguistic conditions that restrict the emergence of meanings and functions besides enumerating the meanings of words and illustrating them with examples. The research shows that the meanings and functions of GUOZHEN are closely related to realis/irrealis context, and each meaning is actually a contextual variant of the same sememe. In the realis context, GUOZHEN(果真) corresponds to GUORAN(果然) while in the iirealis context, GUOZHEN corresponds to ZHENDE(真的). The differentiation of GUOZHEN provides another example of the realis/irrealis opposition in Mandarin.