英国空间规划体系改革及其对乡村发展与规划的影响

Spatial Planning System Reform in the UK and Its Impact on Rural Development and Planning

《1947年城乡规划法》奠定了英国的城乡规划体系,但伴随着空间规划体系的变革,英国的乡村规划工作也在发生变化。简要回顾英国乡村规划沿革,将研究重点放在21世纪以来空间规划的变革。“2004年规划和强制购买法”明确英国规划向空间规划范式的转变,但是“2011年地方主义法”对英国的空间规划体系进行了变革,对乡村规划造成了影响。研究发现,英国目前的空间规划改革对“1947年城乡规划法”以来所构建的英国规划体系和规划方式产生了冲击。但规划改革使地方自主权与灵活性得到加强,乡村地区的地方政府积极性得到调动。通过3个案例的介绍,说明了乡村规划的编制所出现的地方性、协商性与实施性的特征。空间规划的变革也给英国的乡村带来一系列新的问题和挑战。通过对这些问题和挑战的分析,希望从英国的经验和教训中获取对我国的国土空间规划构建和乡村规划工作的一些启示。

1947 Town and Country Planning Act established the urban-rural planning system in the UK. However due to the changes of the spatial planning system, the rural planning in the UK has also been amended. This paper briefly reviews the evolution of rural planning in the UK, and then concentrating on the changes in spatial planning in the 21st century. The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 clarified a spatial planning paradigm. The Localism Act 2011 has changed the British spatial planning system while creating impacts on rural planning. It is found in the research that the current spatial planning reform in the UK has impacted on the planning system which was established in 1947. Nevertheless, the spatial planning reform has strengthened local autonomy and flexibility, and mobilized the enthusiasm of local governments in rural areas. The paper, by providing three cases, illustrates the characteristics of locality, public participation and implementation in the compilation of rural planning. The research points out that the change of spatial planning has also brought a series of new problems and challenges to the rural areas. Through the analysis of these problems and challenges, this paper hopes to gain some lessons and experience for formation of China spatial planning and rural planning system.