铁路可持续发展必须明确事权与支出责任

Clarifying Administrative Power and Expenditure Responsibilities for Railway’s Sustainable Development

我国铁路发展已经从依靠模糊事权调动地方建设积极性阶段,进入到需要合理划分事权和支出责任以确保可持续发展的重要新时期。铁路事权与投资及服务责任、股权结构、债务与运营补贴主体、经营战略决策、土地综合开发能力等密切相关。铁路事权的显著特点是包括相当比重的央地共同事权,铁路总公司/国铁集团目前是同时接受多层次主体委托的事权履行实施代理方。事权与支出责任调整为铁路深化改革提供了重要契机,必须明确中央的铁路事权和支出责任、明确并合理发挥地方铁路事权、控制与化解铁路债务风险、建立铁路运营补贴制度、同时有效规制行业性行政垄断对事权划分与履行的违反。

China's railway development has transformed from the period where the local construction enthusiasm was aroused by vague authority to a vital new period where sustainable development requires reasonable division of administrative power and expenditure responsibilities. The railway administrative power is closely related to investment and service responsibilities, shareholding structure, debt and operating subsidy subjects, business strategy decisions, and land comprehensive development capabilities. The distinctive feature of the railway administrative power is that it includes a considerable proportion of the common administrative powers of central and local government. China Railway Cooperation serves currently as an implementation agency of administrative power accepting delegation of multi-level entities. Since the adjustment of the administrative power and expenditure responsibilities could provide a significant opportunity to deepen the railway reform, it is essential to clarify the railway administrative power and expenditure responsibilities of the central government, exert the administrative power of local railway definitely and rationally, control and resolve the railway debt risk, establish a railway operation subsidy system, and effectively regulate the violation of industrial administrative monopoly on the division and performance of administrative power.