新中国成立70年来在传染病防治领域取得的成就与展望

Achievements and prospect in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases during the last 70 years in China

在新中国成立前,由于多种原因,传染病是中国人民生命与健康的主要威胁之一。新中国成立以后,党和政府高度重视传染病的防治工作,把传染病的防治作为一项政治任务,确定防治原则,开展群众运动,建立医疗体系,推广免疫规划,搭建传染病预警系统,对艾滋病患者实行"四免一关怀",加大科研投入,培养人才梯队。通过70年的不懈努力,我国在传染病防治领域取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就,大幅提高了我国人均期望寿命。建国70年来,中国消灭了天花,实现了本土无脊髓灰质炎新发患者,大幅抑制了乙型肝炎的流行。中国HIV抗病毒治疗的病毒抑制率达到91%,丙肝的治愈也已成为现实。在新发传染病防治领域,中国从"跟随者"成为"领跑者"。因发现青蒿素对疟疾的治疗作用,获得了中国人的第一个诺贝尔生物医学奖。同时,中国传染病防治工作者也走出国门,积极参与全球传染病的防治工作,成为"构建人类命运共同体"的践行者。然而,中国传染病防治工作也面临着新的挑战和任务,需要树立大健康观念,改革和建立适应新时期的传染病防治体系,加大政府在传染病防治方面的投入,以专业性的科研政策引导传染病研究的发展。

Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, infectious diseases were one of the major threats to the lives and health of the Chinese people for a variety of reasons. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Communist Party of China and Chinese government attached great importance to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, took the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases as a political task, decided the principles of prevention and control, carried out mass movements, established a medical system, promoted immunization program, set up an early warning system for infectious diseases, implemented "Four Frees and One Care" for AIDS patients, and increased scientific research investment and trained talent echelons. After 70 years of unremitting efforts, the prevention and treatment of China’s infectious diseases has achieved brilliant achievements and the life expectancy per capita of China has been greatly improved. In the 70 years since the founding of the People’ s Republic of China, China has eliminated smallpox, achieved a new incidence of no polio in the country, and greatly inhibited the prevalence of hepatitis B. The HIV inhibition rate of HIV antiviral therapy reached 91% in China. The cure of hepatitis C has also become a reality. In the field of emerging infectious disease prevention and treatment, China has become a "leader" from "followers." The discovery of artemisinin for malaria has won the first Nobel Prize in biomedicine for the Chinese. At the same time, Chinese infectious disease prevention and control workers have also stepped out of the country and actively participated in the global prevention and control of infectious diseases, becoming a practitioner of "building a community of human destiny." However, China’ s infectious disease prevention and treatment is also facing new challenges and tasks. It is necessary to establish comprehensive health concept, reform the system for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, increase the government’s investment in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and guide the development of infectious disease research with professional scientific research policies to meet the requirements of the new era.