微小RNA调控的信号通路在急性淋巴细胞白血病耐药中的研究进展

Research progress of microRNA-regulated signaling pathways in drug resistance of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)是最常见的儿童恶性肿瘤之一,也是儿童癌症相关死亡的主要原因。目前,化疗是ALL的主要治疗方法,但是对化疗药物耐药是ALL患儿治疗过程中的主要障碍。微小RNA(miRNA)是一类内源性非编码的单链小分子RNA,在细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等多种生理过程中发挥重要作用。近年研究发现,miRNA在ALL耐药中发挥重要作用。ALL耐药机制复杂,PI3K/Akt/mTOR、MAPK、Cyclin D1、Notch1、核因子-κB等信号通路在其中发挥重要作用,而miRNA可以通过对上述信号通路中蛋白激酶、磷酸酶及其蛋白构象的调控,介导ALL细胞耐药。笔者拟就miRNA调控的信号通路在ALL耐药中的最新研究进展进行综述。

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Chemotherapy is currently the main treatment of ALL, but the resistance to chemotherapy drugs is a major obstacle in the treatment of ALL children. MicroRNA(miRNA) is a class of endogenous non-coding single-stranded small-molecule RNA that plays an important role in various physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Recent studies have found that miRNA plays a significant role in the formation of ALL drug resistance. The mechanisms of resistance of ALL are complex, including cell signal transduction pathways, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, Cyclin D1, Notch1, nuclear factor-kappa B and other signaling pathways. miRNA can mediate drug resistance of leukemia cell by altering the conformation of protein kinases, phosphatases and their proteins in the signaling pathways. This article reviews the research progress of miRNA-regulated signaling pathways in drug resistance of ALL.