乌梁素海水环境因子时空分布特征及富营养化评价

Characterization of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Environmental Factors of Wuliangsuhai Lake and Evaluation of its Eutrophication

针对乌梁素海严峻的水环境状况,笔者监测并分析了2014~2016年的水质状况,采用综合营养状态指数法,选取TN、TP、SD、Chla、CODMn共5个水质因子评价了乌梁素海营养状态等级,采用Arcgis中Arctoolbox工具箱的“反距离权重”法插值生成乌梁素海水体营养状态空间分布图,结果表明:(1)CODMn浓度、TN浓度长期居高是乌梁素海面临的主要问题之一,各指标高污染物浓度主要集中在S1点位(污染物入口)及附近,湖泊南半部分水质明显优于北半部分水质;(2)从2014~2016年乌梁素海水质有所好转,乌梁素海2014年、2015年、2016年的综合营养状态指数分别为52. 64~68. 73、48. 19~65.29.33.16~68.47,研究结论可为当地湖泊管理部门提供理论参考。

In order to describe the heavy water pollution in Wuliangsuhai Lake, the water quality of the lake from 2014 to 2016 was monitored and analyzed with comprehensive nutritional status index. Five water quality factors (TN, TP, SD, Chi a and CODMn) were selected to evaluate the nutritional status of Wuliangsuhai Lake. The anti-distance weight method of Arc tool box in Arcgis was used to generate the spatial distribution map of water body nutrition status. The results showed that (1) the long-term high concentrations of CODMn and TN are the main problems in Wuliangsuhai Lake;high pollutant concentrations of each indicators are mainly documented at SI section and its nearby area;the water quality in the southern part of the lake is significantly better than the northern part;(2) water quality was improved from 2014 to 2016;the comprehensive nutritional status indices from 2014 to 2016 varied between 52. 64 and 68.73, 48.19 and 65. 29, and 33. 16 and 68.47. Our findings provided theoretical references for the administration of the lake.