唯物史观理论演进的研究范式

Research Paradigms for the Theoretical Evolution of Historical Materialism

《德意志意识形态》是“唯物史观的经典表述”,停留于这一判断有可能遮蔽对唯物史观理论演进中的阶段性逻辑结构的探究。马克思唯物史观经历了三个阶段,呈现出三种研究范式。第一个阶段是哲学批判的研究范式,以唯物史观应该发现人类社会发展的一般规律“是什么”作为其理论追求。第二个阶段是政治经济学批判的研究范式,以唯物史观应该展现出自己“为什么”能够把为社会实践服务作为其理论生命。第三个阶段是人类学研究的研究范式,以唯物史观应该“怎么是”在世界历史中得以实现其理论使命。马克思在唯物史观视阈中开辟的人类学研究向度所展示的理论图景进一步丰富了“两大发现”的理论价值。其指向未来的理论使命应该在社会历史条件成熟以后,由后来的马克思主义者续写,即唯物史观研究不应该是一个一经发现就被挖掘彻底的研究,它本质上是一个基于哲学性质敞开的动态性研究。

The German Ideology is the classic account of historical materialism,“but being stuck on this judgment may obscure the exploration of the staged logical structure in the theoretical evolution of historical materialism.Marx’s historical materialism went through three stages and presents three research paradigms.The research paradigm of historical materialism in its first stage takes on the pattern of philosophical criticism,theoretically seeking to find out the general law of human social development.The research paradigm of historical materialism in the second stage adopts the style of the critique of political economy,”which reveals why historical materialism can regard its service in social practice as its theoretical vitality.The research paradigm of historical materialism in the third stage follows the example of anthropological studies,fulfilling its theoretical mission in the world history by showing how historical materialism should be.The theoretical visions revealed by the dimensions of anthropologic research,which were developed by Marx from the perspective of materialism,further enriched the theoretical value of the“two great discoveries.”The future-oriented theoretical mission of the third research paradigm should be continued by later Marxists after the social and historical conditions become mature,that is,the study of historical materialism should not be a research that has been thoroughly done once it is discovered,it is instead a dynamic research based on philosophical essence.