锂离子电池硅碳负极材料的结构设计研究进展

Progress in the Research of Silicon Carbon Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

硅基材料具有理论比容量高、资源丰富等优点,然而硅基负极材料在锂化过程中面临体积膨胀、活性物质破碎粉化、电极材料与集流体分离以及导电性较差等问题。综述了硅碳负极材料的锂化机理及性能衰退原因,介绍了硅碳材料核壳结构、蛋黄壳结构、夹层结构及三维结构等结构设计研究进展及存在的问题,在此基础上对开发制备更简单、更可靠、成本更低的硅碳材料及其三维结构设计进行了展望。

Due to being abundant in natural resources and higher theoretical specific capacity, silicon anode material has been regarded as the most promising anode material for the next generation of lithium ion batteries. However, it also has some shortcomings, such as volume expansion, crushing and pulverization of active substances, separation between anode material and current collector, and poor conductivity during the course of lithiation. The lithiation mechanism and performance degradation of the silicon carbon anode material are reviewed here, including the introduction of recent progress and existing problems in the research on the structural design, such as the silicon carbon material, core-shell structure, egg yolk shell structure, sandwich structure and three-dimensional structure. On this basis, it is expected that the preparation and the three-dimensional structure design for the silicon carbon material being more simple and reliable with lower cost shall be the critical in the future.