区域空间规划生态分级保护研究——以华蓥山东麓为例

Research on Classification of Ecological Conservation of Regional Spatial Planning——A Case Study in the East Foothill of Huaying Mountain

生态分级保护是空间规划中重要支撑性内容,是全面协调生态保护与开发利用关系,实现各类空间差异化管控,促进区域可持续发展的重要途径。本文以华蓥山东麓为例,通过生态功能重要性和生态敏感性评价,同时结合景观生态安全格局进行分析,构建生态保护分级指数模型,按保护程度由高至低将研究区划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级。其中,Ⅰ级保护区为基本生态控制区,实行严格的生态保护制度;Ⅱ级保护区为生态缓冲区,实行生态修复与城乡建设、产业发展负面清单管理制度;Ⅲ级保护区为农业生态区,加强农业生态环境保护,建立健全绿色生态农业导向机制;Ⅳ级保护区主要为城镇村庄生态区,加强城乡居民点环境保护,推进人居环境建设。研究结果可为华蓥山东麓生态修复保护总体规划提供借鉴,对华蓥山自然保护区与城镇建设区之间生态过渡地带的精细化、精准化、差别化管理具有重要意义。

The classification of ecological conservation is significant to spatial planning, which is an important way to coordinate the relationship between ecological protection and development and utilization, to realize differentiated spatial management and promote regional sustainable development. The east foothill of Huaying Mountain is located between the Huaying Mountain nature reserve and concentration area of urban-rural construction, which has multiple value attributes, such as ecological buffer, agricultural production, tourism and leisure, as well as urban and rural construction. In recent years, influenced by the development of the tourism industry and the rapid expansion of the city, the disturbance of urban-rural construction activities on ecological space has been increasing, which urgently needs an elaborate and precise ecological protection mechanism. Taking the east foothill of Huaying Mountain as an example, this thesis evaluated the importance of ecological function from three aspects: water conservation, soil conservation and biodiversity, and adopted the comprehensive index method to evaluate the ecological sensitivity from four aspects: the sensitivity to soil loss by water, the sensitivity to rocky desertification, the ecological sensitivity of water system and the sensitivity to disasters, and analyzed the landscape ecological security pattern by the means of the minimum cumulative resistance model. Considering the importance evaluation of ecological function, evaluation of ecological sensitivity and landscape ecological security pattern, a classification index model of ecological conservation was built during the above mentioned processes, and then according to the degree of protection, the study area was classified into four levels : Level Ⅰ, Level Ⅱ, Level Ⅲ, and Level Ⅳ.The results indicate that: the Level Ⅰ conservation area covered 46.81 km^2, which account for 34.57% of total study area;Level Ⅱ conservation area covered34.78 km^2, which account for 25.69% of total study area;Level Ⅲ conservation area covered 42.27 km^2, which account for 31.22% of total study area;while Level Ⅳ conservation area covered 11.54 km^2, which account for 8.52% of total study area. From the perspective of spatial distribution, Level Ⅰ conservationarea is mainly situated in the Huaying back mountain area and the second Ring mountain, protection zones of drinking water source and along both sides of the main rivers;Level Ⅱ conservation area is mainly distributed in the transition areas between the second Ring Mountain and the low hilly region, the surrounding areas of protection zones of drinking water source and along the main rivers;Level Ⅲ conservation area is mainly distributed in the low hilly region of the East Foothill of Huaying Mountain, the valley area between the Huaying back mountain and the mountains of the Second Ring;while Level Ⅳ conservation area is mainly distributed in the town area and the surrounding area of the county. The guidance for ecological conservation in the study area was realized based on the classification of ecological protection. Level Ⅰ conservation area is the fundamental ecological control area, which implements strict ecological protection system, severely controls development and construction activities, prohibits excessive deforestation and maintains its natural ecological features. Level Ⅱ conservation area is the ecological buffer of source region, where ecological restoration measures should be taken, and the management system of a negative list for urban and rural construction and industrial development should be implemented. Level Ⅲ conservation area is agro-ecological area, where the protection of agricultural ecological environment and the soil erosion control should be emphasized, and the guiding mechanism of green ecological agriculture should be established and improved. While Level Ⅳ conservation area is the urban-rural ecological area, where the environmental protection of urban and rural residential areas should be enhanced and the construction of living environment should be promoted. At the same time, the concept of ecological development in urban and rural construction should be implemented, and micro-scale ecological space protection should be valued. The study of ecological protection classification not only facilitates the protection of the significant region of ecological services and ecologically sensitive regions, but also enhances the systematic protection of key areas that play an important role in the horizontal ecological process, just like ecological corridor and ecological buffer zones. This study provides a reference for the overall plan of ecological restoration and protection in the east foothill of Huaying Mountain, and is of great significance to the fine, precise and differentiated management of the ecological transition zone between the Nature Reserve of Huaying Mountain and the urban construction area.