新型碳基导电药无桥火工品研究

Novel Bridgeless Igniter Based on Carbon Fiber Composites

为开发抗静电能力强、制作工艺简单的新型火工品,利用碳纤维独特形状及特殊电热转换特性,将其分别与叠氮化铅(LA)、斯蒂芬酸铅(LS)和叠氮肼镍(NHA)混合制备了碳基含能复合起爆药(CEC),并用于陶瓷塞火工品和M100独脚电雷管。通过改变碳纤维含量,研究了CEC火工品发火性能及静电感度等性能。发火特性及安全性实验结果表明:当碳纤维添加量为30%时,火工品发火电压最低,3种火工品50%发火电压由低到高依次为NHA-CEC火工品(14.1V)、LS-CEC火工品(17.6V)和LA-CEC火工品(27.8V),安全电流分别为280mA、250mA和180mA,其对应的脚-脚间50%发火静电电压分别为28.9kV、27.3kV和30kV,脚-壳间抗静电能力大于25kV.高速摄影和雷管铅板实验结果表明:3种火工品均具有可靠的点火能力,其中LA-CEC和NHA-CEC能可靠起爆黑索今炸药并将铅板炸穿。相比于桥丝火工品和半导体桥火工品,该碳基含能复合物装配的无桥火工品具有抗静电能力好、制备方法简便、成本低廉的优点。

Carbon-based energetic composite(CEC)was prepared by mixing the carbon fibers with lead azide(LA),lead styphanate(LS)and nickel hydrazine azide(NHA),respectively.The relationship between carbon fiber content and igniter performance was studied.The experimental result indicates that the ignition voltage of igniter is the lowest when the carbon fiber content is 30%.The 50%ignition voltages of NHA-CEC igniter,LS-CEC igniter and LA-CEC igniter are 14.1 V,17.6 V and 27.8 V,and their safety currents are 280 mA,250 mA and 180 mA,respectively.The 50%electrostatic ignition voltages of NHA-CEC igniter,LS-CEC igniter and LA-CEC igniter are 28.9 kV,27.3 kV and 30 kV,respectively,in pin-to-pin,and the antistatic capacity is more than 25 kV in pin-to-case of three type of igniters.The ignition process of igniter was investigated by high-speed photography and lead plate test of detonator.The results show that all the ignitors have reliable ignition ability,and LA-CEC and NHA-CEC can reliably detonate RDX to perforate the lead plate.The bridgeless pyrotechnics with CEC show more anti-electrostatic ability and are fabricated easily to the bridge wire and semiconductor bridge pyrotechnics.