基于HSI模型的吉林省东部地区生境质量动态评价

Dynamic assessment of habitat quality in eastern Jilin Province based on HSI model

生境质量评价对生物多样性保护具有重要意义,能够为生态环境的恢复和保护、区域可持续发展政策的制定提供科学依据。以吉林省东部地区为研究区,基于2000年和2015年2期Landsat TM/OLI影像和数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)数据,选取水源状况、干扰因子、遮蔽条件及食物来源作为评价因子,采用层次分析法确定权重,建立了生境质量评价模型,对吉林省东部地区进行生境质量动态评价,并从评价因子、土地覆被变化、社会经济及气候变化等方面分析变化原因。结果表明,吉林省东部地区2000年生境质量最好和较好的区域分别占研究区总面积的37.69%和46.88%,2015年生境质量最好和较好的区域分别占研究区总面积的 41.20%和 44.66%;2000—2015年间生境质量变好的区域为9 414.19 km^2 ,变差的区域为5 627.5 km^2;土地覆被变化是导致生境质量变化的主要原因之一,吉林省大力发展生态旅游、退耕还林是生境质量变好的主要驱动力,气候条件适宜为吉林省东部地区生态环境保持长期稳定提供了有力保障。

The assessment of habitat quality has important implications for the biodiversity conservation. It can provide scientific basis for the restoration and protection of the ecological environment and the formulation of regional sustainable development policies. Taking the east of Jilin Province as the study area and based on Landsat TM/OLI images and digital elevation model (DEM) data in 2000 and 2015, the authors selected water situation, degree of disturbance, shelters, and food source as evaluation factors. In addition, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight, thus establishing a habitat quality evaluation model and making a dynamic assessment of the habitat quality in the eastern part of Jilin Province. Moreover, the reasons for change were analyzed from the aspects of assessment factors, land cover changes, social economy, and climate change. The results show that the areas of the best and better habitat quality in 2000 accounted for 37.69% and 46.88% of the study area respectively. The areas of the best and better habitat quality in 2015 accounted for 41.20% and 44.66% of the study area respectively. From 2000 to 2015, the area of habitat quality that got better was 9 414.19 km 2, and the area of habitat quality got worse, being 5 627.5 km 2. Land cover change is one of the causes of habitat quality change, and the vigorous development of eco-tourism and returning farmland to forests in Jilin Province constitute the main driving forces for improving the quality of the habitats. The suitable climatic conditions provide a powerful guarantee for the long-term stability of the ecological environment in the eastern part of Jilin Province.