新时代社会背景下琼南地区普通高校体育课程改革探索

Exploration of Physical Education Curriculum Reform in Colleges and Universities in Southern Hainan Province in the Background of the New Era

近年来,我国大学生体质健康状况日趋下滑严重,为了探索新时代社会背景下普通高校体育课程改革思路,构建“终身体育意识”下多元化、开源性的体育课程体系,促进高校学生身心素质全面发展。采用访谈法、问卷调查法,逻辑分析法等,对海南省琼南地区5所高校公共体育课程主任和700名大学生,进行了访谈和问卷调查;并通过社会矛盾的转变和琼南地区普通高校体育课程现状调查,透析新时代背景下高校大学生对体育课程的价值取向,把握体育课程与学生之间的供需关系,促进新时代体育课程改革发展。研究显示:1)新时代大学生体育价值取向,已由满足基本锻炼功能需要转变为体育自我发展的价值取向;2)琼南地区普通高校体育课程的开展现状:体育课程的设置保持在《纲要》的基本要求下,结合区域实际特征进行区域课程、校本课程开发,新兴项目、水上项目和民族传统体育项目开展丰富。“健康第一”的体育思想已经深入大学生体育意识,但“终身体育意识”深化缓慢。体育理论课程以随堂和集中授课形式为主,课时数量设置少,内容单一,缺乏跨学科融合。体育课程的评价体系以平时成绩和技能考核成绩为基准,部分学校增加了体能成绩和期中测评成绩,在评价的多元化和开源性上缺乏建树。因此,对新时代背景下的高校体育课程体系建设展开透析,促进高校体育课程改革探索,为新时代背景下新一轮高校体育课程改革提供理论基础。

In recent years, the physical health of students at colleges and universities in China has declined considerably. The aim of this study is to explore new ideas for reforming the physical education curriculum in colleges and universities in the background of the new era, establish a diversified and open-sourced physical education curriculum system that promotes the concept of "lifelong sports", and generate ideas to promote the all-round development of the physical and mental quality of students at colleges and universities. Interviews, questionnaires, and logical analysis were conducted among the directors of public physical education courses and 700 students at five colleges and universities in southern Hainan Province. Besides, the study takes into account the transitions and contradictions in the attitudes and principles of the society, then investigates the present status of the physical education curriculum in colleges and universities in southern Hainan Province. On this basis, a thorough analysis of the value orientation of college and university students toward the physical education curriculum in the new era has been conducted to better understand the supply and demand patterns of the physical education curriculum, and to promote the reform and development of physical education curriculum in tune with the new era. The results show that: 1) the value orientation of students at colleges and universities towards the physical education curriculum in the new era has changed from meeting the needs of basic body exercise to self-development through the curriculum. 2) The present situation of physical education curriculum in colleges and universities in Southern Hainan Province: the physical education curriculum is designed according to the basic requirements of the Teaching Guidance Outline of Physical Education Curriculum in Colleges and Universities . The development of a regional curriculum and school-based curriculum is carried out in light of the specific characteristics of the region, and abundant physical education courses have been provided including new emerging sports, water sports, and national traditional sports. Although the idea of "Health First" has penetrated into students' physical education consciousness, the concept of "lifelong sport" has deepened at a slow pace. Physical education theories are mainly provided in the form of classroom and intensive teaching with few class hours, unvaried content, and lack of interdisciplinary integration. The evaluation system in the physical education curriculum is based on the results of daily performance and skill assessments, while physical fitness tests and mid-term evaluation results are taken into account by some colleges and universities, showing a lack of diversity and open source of evaluation. Therefore, a thorough analysis of the structuring of the physical education curriculum in colleges and universities in the background of the new era is conducted in order to promote the reform and exploration of physical education curriculum in colleges and universities and to provide theoretical basis for recasting the physical education curriculum in colleges and universities in tune with the requirements of the new era.