基于智能可穿戴设备的Human Shaker结构动力测试方法

Human shaker modal testing technology via wearable inertial measurement units

已建结构的动力测试是了解其实际动力性能、提升建模和计算分析精度、检测结构损伤情况的重要手段.提出了 Human Shaker(HS)的方法,利用人的行走、跳跃和摆动等运动实现对结构的激振,由智能可穿戴设备得到激振荷载和结构响应,并由此识别结构的模态参数.首先建立了由特征点加速度重构人致激振荷载的方法,以及利用可穿戴设备的HS应用步骤,进而以横向摆动为例通过实验确定了特征点位置及其对应的质量参与修正系数.最后将HS技术应用于某实际结构的动力测试和模态参数识别,结果表明,HS技术可以方便快捷地用于中小型结构的模态测试.

Dynamic test of as-built civil structures is a common practice to learn the dynamic properties of real structures, to improve the accuracy of prediction methods and to update the analysis models adopted at the design stage. Large,cumbersome and power-needed mechanical shakers are generally necessary in the test to dynamically excite a structure. This test methodology, however, may not be tenable for low-rise,medium and small size buildings due to various reasons such as budget,limited installation space and power supply issue. In this study, a Human Shaker(HS) method is proposed to excite the structure by human walking, jumping and swinging motions. The excitation load and structural response are obtained from the intelligent wearable equipment and, the modal parameters of the structure are identified accordingly.A method for reconstructing the hu-man-induced excitation load from the acceleration of characteristic points is established. Using HS application steps of wearable equipment and taking lateral swing as an example, the position of feature points and their corresponding mass participation correction coefficients are determined by experiments. HS technology is applied to the dynamic test and modal parameter identification of a practical structure. The result shows that HS technology can be used to the modal test of small and medium-sized structures conveniently and quickly.