人为采笋对大叶筇竹生长及大熊猫采食的影响

Impacts of Arficial Collecting Bamboo Shoots on the Growth of Qiongzhuea macrophylla and Feeding Habits of Giant Panda

马边大风顶自然保护区是大熊猫分布的最南端,具有较高的研究价值,由于各种人为干扰的影响,保护区范围内的大熊猫数量从1992年的36只锐减至2012年第四次全国大熊猫调查的18只。为了探讨大熊猫数量下降的缘由,对马边大风顶自然保护区周边居民人为采笋活动和大叶筇竹生长状况展开了调查。结果显示:保护区周边居民的采笋活动由来已久,采笋的群体组成和空间范围都在逐年扩大,采笋收入是居民生活经济来源的重要组成部分;同20年前的竹子生长状况相比较,采笋活动使得大叶筇竹的基径、高度和密度下降明显。因此,人为采笋对马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫主食竹生长状况产生了一定的影响,是马边大熊猫栖息地选择的重要影响因素。

Mabiandafengding Nature Reserve, located at the southernmost of the giant panda s ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) distribution, was a valuable and unique research location for the dynamic of population. Due to the influence of various human disturbances, the numbers of giant panda were reduced from 36 to 18 in 1992-2012. In order to understand how bamboo shoots collection led to a reduction in the population of giant pandas, the situation of bamboo shoots selection was investigated together with the growth of Qiongzhuea macrophylla . The results showed that the local residents collected bamboo shoots for a long period. The situation of bamboo shoots collection was getting worse. Moreover, this was an important source of income for local residents. Based on the investigation compared with the data collected in 20 years ago, the basal diameter, height and density of Q. macrophylla declined significantly because of a long-term bamboo shoots collecting. It could be an important factor in habitat selection of the giant panda in Mabiandafengding Nature Reserve.