生育期沼液调控对番茄生长、产量、品质及土壤全氮的影响

Using Biogas Slurry to Regulate Growth,Field and Fruit Quality of Greenhouse Tomato and Nitrogen Dynamics in Root Zone

【目的】提高番茄产量,探究番茄对生育期沼液调控的响应规律。【方法】于2017年秋季和2018年春季开展了温室种植试验,通过在开花结果期和果实膨大期分别施用1∶8、1∶6、1∶4(沼液和水体积配比)沼液,研究了番茄2个生育期不同配比沼液调控对番茄生长、产量、品质和根区土壤全氮量的影响。【结果】番茄生长变化与沼液配比显著(P<0.05)正相关;开花结果期和果实膨大期分别施用1∶6、1∶4沼液干物质量最高;较不施沼液处理,开花结果期施用1∶6沼液产量最高,增幅为12.93%(秋)、12.31%(春);果实膨大期施用1∶4沼液产量最高,增幅为26.59%(秋)、27.71%(春),且春茬相比化肥高4.29%;T5、T6处理可以获得较高的可溶性糖量、可溶性固形物量和糖酸比,T2、T3处理可以获得较高的可滴定酸、维生素C量。【结论】在开花结果期和果实膨大期分别施用1∶6和1∶4沼液番茄产量和品质维持在相对较高的水平。

【Objective】The physiological development of tomato is affected by a number of integrative abiotic and biotic factors and the purpose of this paper is to investigate how irrigation with biogas slurry alerts the yield and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse from autumn in 2017 to spring in 2018 by irrigating the tomato with a mixture of fresh water and biogas slurry at volumetric ratio of 1∶8, 1∶6 and 1∶4 at flowering stage and fruit-elongation stage respectively. In each treatment, we measured growth, yield, and fruit quality of the tomato, as well as the dynamics of total nitrogen in the root zone【Result】 The tomato growth was positively related to the biogas slurry ratio at significant level, and the 1∶6 and 1∶4 ratio gave the highest total dry matter at the flowering stage and the fruit expansion stage respectively. The 1∶6 treatment gave the best return, and compared to CK (without biogas slurry), it increased the return by 12.93% in autumn and 12.31% in spring respectively. Irrigating with 1 : 4 ratio at fruit elongation stage gave the highest yield, and compared to CK, it increased the yield by 26.59% in autumn and 27.71% in spring respectively. The 1∶4 treatment gave 4.32% increase in yield compared to chemical fertilizer application in spring. T5 and T6 treatments improved soluble sugar and solid, as well as and sugar-acid ratio, while T2 and T3 treatments increased titratable acid and vitamin C content.【Conclusion】Irrigation by mixing biogas slurry and freshwater at 1∶6 and 1∶4 volumetric ratio at flowering - fruiting stage and fruit expansion stage can considerably improve yield and quality of tomato.