论民国女性词的发展流变——以民国女性词集为中心

A Study on the Development and Evolution of Female Ci-poetry in the Earlier Period of the Republic of China

以民国女性词集为中心来观照民国女性词,大致可分为三个阶段。从词集刊刻数量上看,中期时间短,词集刊刻数量多,前期和后期时间相对长,词集刊刻数量少,间接反映了女性词创作在民国由低谷到高潮继而衰退的发展变化过程。以女性词发展流变观之,第一个阶段,1912年至1927年国民政府成立前,词集作者主要为官宦女子,词作集中表现为晚清闺秀词余风的笼罩与突围。第二个阶段,1927年至1937年抗战爆发,词集作者主体以职业女性为主,词作集中表现在新学教育背景中词的因循与新变。第三阶段,1937年至1949年中华人民共和国成立,这一时期词作呈现明显的两极走向:一类女性词彻底回归传统,另一类女性词则向现代词转型。在这整个发展流变过程中,又贯穿着民国女性词对特殊的历史阶段与特定的社会政治时局的观照和书写。同时,女性词由词人纯任性灵的书写逐渐过渡到有一定词学理论指导的有为而作。

Observed from the collections of female Ci-poems from the earlier period of the Republic of China (民国词),their development and evolution went through three stages.The first stage covered the period from 1912 to 1927. During this period,the female Ci-poems were mainly written by women from officials’families, following the literary style of the female Ci-poemsof the late Qing Dynasty. The second stagecovered the period from 1927 to 1937. During this period,the female Ci-poets were mainly professional women,who showed the combination of inheritance and transformation with the background of new-style educationin their writings.The third stage covered the period from 1937 to 1949. During this period, the parallel existence of the transformation into modern Ci-poetry and the return to the traditional creation could be regarded as the typical characteristics of the literary creation of female Ci-poems. Due to the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan,the female Ci-poets’creation showed a significant polarization. On the one hand,some of the Ci-poem collections presented a peaceful and quiet atmosphere,and completely returned to the traditional way of creation. On the other hand,the creation of female Ci-poems gradually transferred from the arbitrary writing based on the emotions of a Ci-poet to the conscious writing guided by some poetic theories.