大数据视阈中的明清进士家族研究——以CBDB、中华寻根网为例

A Study on the Families with Palace Graduates in the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the Perspective of Big Data

作为关系型数据库,"中国历代人物传记数据库M ( China Biographical Database Project,简称CBDB)因拥有42万多条中国历代人物传记数据而成为从大数据视角整体关照明清进士家族的首选。它的“亲属关系”査询,能够呈现亲属关系网络,方便进行进士家族的梳理。同时,也应承认CBDB存在着匹配不准确、字段多重复等问题,这些问题可以借助家谱等文献得以解决。现阶段,中华寻根网提供了 2392种家谱影像全文,便于我们利用爬虫程序提取家谱目录中的相关信息,进而自动判断进士家族,这是对CBDB的有益补充。在此基础上,借助社会网络分析,可以直观呈现以血缘、姻亲为核心的进士家族世系图谱。姻亲关系能够将多个进士家族之间联系起来,可以使视角由单个进士家族向有关联的多个进士家族转移,例如可以考察这些姻亲家族在治经、传经等方面是否存在影响等。依赖家谱留存下来的家族成员的文学作品,既是考察家族文学发展流变的基础,又是建构更加广泛的社会网络分析图谱的基石。

As a relational database,China Biographical Database Project ( CBDB,中国历代人物传记数据库) has become the priority when the families with palace graduates (进士) in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is examined from the perspective of big data,since it containsover 420,000 items of data from biographies of historical figures of various dynasties. Its inquiry of“kinship relationship”can show the networks of kinship relationship,thus facilitating the sorting of the relations in the families with palace graduates. Meanwhile,it must be admitted that there exist such problems in CBDB as the inaccuracy in matching and the repeating of fields. These problems can be solved by checking such documents as archives of family genealogy. At present, www. ouroots. com. cn (中华寻根网) provides the images of the full texts of 2,392 archives of family genealogy,enabling us to pick up the related information in the catalogs of the archives with the help of the crawler program (爬虫程序),which canautomatically sort out families with palace graduates and offer a favorable supplement to CBDB. On this basis,and by way of the analysis of social networks,maps of genealogies of families with palace graduates centering on relationship by blood and relationship by marriage can be clearly presented.Relationship by marriage could bind together different families with palace graduates, thus broadening our view from a single family to several families with palace graduates that were related to each other. For example,we can observe if there existed certain influence among these families with relationship by marriage when they studied and disseminated Confucianclassics. The literary works of family members that were preserved by archives of family genealogy laid down the foundation for both observing the development and evolution of family literature,and constructing the maps to analyze more extensive social networks.