小于胎龄儿追赶生长特点及影响因素分析

Catch-up growth of small for gestational age and its influencing factors

目的探讨中国北方地区小于胎龄儿(SGA)出生后追赶生长特点以及相关影响因素。方法以2012年1月至2013年1月在河北省廊坊市妇幼保健中心出生的新生儿为研究对象,根据出生体质量分为SGA组、适于胎龄儿组(AGA)和大于胎龄儿组(LGA),收集出生时至2岁资料。统计分析SGA出生后追赶生长特点以及相关影响因素。结果研究共纳入SGA、AGA和LGA分别661例(8.3%)、6571例(82.5%)和729例(9.2%)。SGA组2岁时矮小的比例为0.9%,高于AGA组(0.6%)和LGA组(0.3%)(P<0.05)。SGA组出生后2年内追赶生长主要出现在1岁以内。相关性分析显示,SGA1岁内身长增长速度与出生体质量、身长、Apgar评分呈负相关;与胎盘质量呈正相关,而与F/P呈负相关;与喂养方式相关。结论大部分SGA儿童在2岁时完成追赶生长,追赶生长主要出现在出生后1年内,胎盘不适当过重、喂养方式等因素均与SGA追赶生长相关。

Objective To explore characteristics and related influencing factors of the catch-up growth of small gestational age(SGA)infants in North China in two years after birth.Methods Newborn babies born in the Langfang Center of Women and Children’s Health,Hebei province from January 2012 and January 2013 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study,who were divided into SGA group,appropriate for gestational age(AGA)group and large for gestational age(LGA)group according to birth weight.Data information of infants and mothers were collected.Statistical analysis was performed to explore characteristics and related influencing factors of the catch-up growth of SGA.Results SGA 661(8.3%),AGA 6,571(82.5%)and LGA 729(9.2%)were included in this study.In the SGA group,catch-up growth mainly occurred within 1 year after birth.Correlation analysis showed that the growth rate of body length within 1 year of SGA was negatively correlated with birth weight,birth body length,Apgar score and feeding patterns.It was positively correlated with the placental weight but negatively correlated withfetal/placental weight ratio(F/P).Conclusions Most SGA infants complete catch-up growth at the age of 2,and the catch-up growth mainly occurred within 1 year after birth.Inappropriately heavy placenta and feeding patterns might be related to the catch-up growth of SGA within 1 year after birth.