动物配子体外发生技术的研究进展及其应用展望

Progress and Application Prospect of the Animal Gametogenesis Technology in vitro

配子是新个体的起源,也是遗传多样性和进化的驱动力。配子体内发生需要经过原始生殖细胞的形成、增殖,迁移到生殖嵴,分化成为成熟配子的严格过程。配子的体外发生是干细胞体外诱导形成的性原细胞,在体外完整地经历减数分裂并发育成熟的过程。由于配子发生过程受到很多基因控制以及多种胞内胞外化学物质的复杂调控,所以完整的人(Homo sapiens)的配子体外发生过程一直未成功。但近年来该项技术在小鼠(Mus musculus)以及鸡(Gallus gallus)等动物取得突破性进展,雌雄配子实现了体外发生并结合发育成新个体,该项技术的成功将推动生殖生物学的发展。本文论述了近年来动物配子体外发生研究进展及其应用展望。

Gametes are the origin of new individuals and the driving force for genetic diversity and evolution. Gametogenesis in vivo requires the formation and proliferation of primordial germ cells, migration to the genital ridge, and differentiation into mature gametes. The gametogenesis in vitro is a process in which primordial germ cells induced by stem cells and undergo complete meiosis and maturation in vitro. Since the gametogenesis process is controlled by multiple genes and a variety of intracellular and extracellular chemicals, the in vitro process of intact human(Homo sapiens) gametes has not been implemented for years. But in recent years, the technology has made breakthroughs in animals such as mice(Mus musculus) and cock(Gallus gallus). Male and female gametes have developed in vitro and combined into new individuals. The success of this technology will promote the development of reproductive biology. This article reviewed the successful process and the application prospect of gametogenesis in vitro.