中国移民扶贫70年变迁研究

The Evolvement of Poverty Alleviation for Resettled People in 70 Years:From 1949 to 2019

本文的研究主题是移民扶贫,研究对象是有组织移民(主要包括水库移民和扶贫移民)。本文将移民扶贫界定为以移民方式扶贫和扶移民之贫,进而考察移民扶贫的70年变迁,将其划分为4个阶段,即移民致贫、开发式移民扶贫、生态移民扶贫和移民脱贫攻坚;然后,本文分析了移民扶贫的政策演变、实施进展和综合效果,总结了移民扶贫的6个特点。研究发现,移民扶贫的对象包括非自愿移民、自愿移民和准自愿移民,这3种情况下都存在导致移民脱贫困难的特定原因,使得移民脱贫滞后于移民搬迁。针对当前移民扶贫及脱贫中存在的问题,本文提出了延展和加强后期扶持、扩展和强化社会支持、防范和化解债务风险、实现扶贫搬迁与乡村振兴的有效衔接等建议。

The theme of this article is poverty alleviation for resettled people, usually including those generated in reservoir construction and in poverty reduction-oriented resettlement programs, who are normally poor. Poverty alleviation for resettled people is defined as poverty alleviation by means of resettlement and poverty alleviation for resettled people. The reservoir resettlement started shortly after 1949, and almost came to an end until 2009, which has unfortunately led a lot of resettled people to become poor. The follow-up support for the reservoir resettled people started after 1981, but did not lift enough people out of poverty. The special resettlement programs for poverty alleviation, starting soon after the reform and opening-up in 1978, aimed at lifting those who were stuck in poverty due to severe livelihood environment out of poverty and has undergone three periods. For the whole history this article analyzes policy evolution, action progress and comprehensive results of poverty alleviation for resettled people, and summarizes its characteristics in six aspects. The study finds that the targets of poverty alleviation for resettled people include involuntary migration, voluntary migration and quasi-voluntary migration. In each case, there were specific reasons that made it difficult for migrants to get rid of poverty which has made poverty alleviation lag behind migration. In view of the existing problems in poverty alleviation for resettled people, the study concludes with some suggestions for policy discussions.