行人紧急疏散仿真研究

Pedestrian emergency evacuation simulation study

近几年来,紧急情况下人员安全疏散问题日益被重视。避免重大人员伤亡和经济损失,快速高效地将人员安全疏散,成为亟待解决的问题。以磁力模型为基础,考察独立步行个体的运动行为,将宏观角度上路径移动效益模型与微观角度上磁力模型、社会力模型有机结合起来,以接近现实中的行人移动行为。将个体行人运动上升为群体运动,提出元胞自动机的疏散模型,基于独立步行个体的运动行为添加约束条件,在Pathfinder软件中进行仿真模拟。仿真结果找出限制向出口移动的潜在瓶颈:交叉人流导致的瓶颈现象;疏散通道上不合适的转角造成的瓶颈现象;出口宽度的限制导致的瓶颈现象。并针对瓶颈现象,给出相应的措施。

In recent years,the issue of safe evacuation of personnel in emergencies has received increasing attention.Avoiding major casualties and economic losses,and quickly and efficiently evacuating personnel has become an urgent problem to be solved.Therefore,based on the magnetic model,the motion behavior of the independent walking individual was investigated,and the path mobility benefit model was combined with the magnetic model and the social force model at the microscopic angle to approximate the pedestrian movement behavior in reality.Then,the individual pedestrian movement was promoted to group movement,and the evacuation model of the cellular automaton was proposed.The simulation was simulated in Pathfinder software by adding constraints and individual pedestrian movement parameter settings.The simulation results identify potential bottlenecks that limit the movement to the exit: bottlenecks caused by crossover flow;bottlenecks caused by inappropriate corners on the evacuation channel;bottlenecks caused by restrictions on exit width.And for the bottleneck phenomenon,give corresponding measures.