文教何以共谋:战后台湾学术形成的权力语境

How Cultural and Educational Circles Made Collusion:The Power Context of the Formation of Academics in Taiwan after the Second World War

1949年后,败退台湾的蒋介石政权愈加重视对香港文化人士的利用。台湾当局一方面对知识分子进行经济接援,另一方面潜移默化思想认同,从而在二者之间形成知识分子往往不能自知的隐性共谋,文教被异化为政治形态的附属物。迁台后的传统文化学者虽与政党处于不同立场,但在冷战格局下,学术研究仍难以摆脱权力的塑型,学者建设“政治伦理化”的努力则被威权转变为权力一元化的理论资源乃至控制民众思想的工具。与此同时,台湾当局利用美国教会势力进行反共宣传,而美国教会势力则控制台湾文教系统进行文化殖民。教会、政党与学校亦形成共谋体系。学术内部的义理考据之辨,也潜藏着学者的身份差异。受特权庇护的知识分子专注于文献考索,在政治与社会乱象前选择失语,而徐复观等反抗者则被排挤到权力的边缘。

After the year 1949,Chiang Kai-shek regime who retreated to Taiwan attached more importance to the utilization of cultural figures in Hong Kong.On the one hand,the Taiwan authorities gave economic assistance to intellectuals,and on the other hand,they exerted imperceptible influence on identity on ideology to form recessive collusion among them,thus culture and education are alienated into the appendant of political forms.In the situation of cold war,scholars on traditional culture who moved to Taiwan are difficult to break the shape of power,and the academic efforts in ethicizing politics was changed into theoretical resources for power centralization and even instrument for controlling people s thoughts.Meanwhile,the Taiwan authorities utilized the power of the American church to make anti-communist propaganda,while the American church conducted cultural colonization by controlling the cultural and educational system of Taiwan.Among the academia,intellectuals sheltered under privilege concentrated on textual research,and kept silent before political and social chaos;while resisters such as Xu Fuguan were pushed aside to the edge of power.